IV.

THE DEMOGRAPHIC
EQUATION
Three basic life events:
•People are born
•They Migrate
•They die
 Demographic Equation

•Is a starting population plus the change in population

due to natural increase plus the change in population

due to migration. For general population, this would be

equal to the total starting population plus (Births minus

Deaths)
•WHAT IS THE IMPORTANCE OF
DEMOGRAPHIC EQUATION?
•WHAT IS THE USE OF
DEMOGRAPHIC EQUATION ?
BIRTH RATES- is the ratio between the
number of live-born births in the year and the
average total population of that year.
BIRTH RATES-is the ratio
between the number of live-born
DEATH RATES - isinthe
births the term used
year and theto define the
average
total population of that year.
number of deaths every year per 1000 people
in a population.
Net Migration (Difference

between in-migration and out

migration)
In-migration means the process of
people moving into a new area in
their country to live there
permanently.
Out-Migration means the movement of
people out of one region of a country to
live in another region of the same
country.
Calculation of Net Migration Rate
The formula for calculating the net migration rate is:
N= 1000* (I -- E )
P
With variables reading as follows:
N, the net migration rate
I, representing the number of immigrants for the region, those who entered
within the year
E, here represents the number of emigrants or people who left the area
during the year
P, is the estimated mid-year population size
1000, population trends are typically represented for every 1,000
individuals
•A country has a mid-year population of 300 million
people, saw 7.57 million immigrants enter the country
during the year, and 7,000 people emigrate during the
same year.

1,000* (7,570,000--7,000)
N= 300,000,000 =25.21

The calculated number is positive meaning the area saw

an overall gain of residents for the year. The number can
be read as for every 1,000 established residents in this
region, another 25 will enter and settle over the course of
the year.
 1,000* (7,570,000--7,000)
N= 300,000,000 =25.21%

7,570,000--7,000 =7,563,000

7,563,000 × 1,000= 7,563,000,000

7,563,000,000 ÷ 300,000,000 =25.21%

Zero Growth Population (ZPG)
•the
maintenance of
a population at a
constant level
by limiting the
number of live
births to only
what is needed
to replace the
existing
 WORLD
POPULATION
DISTRIBUTION
 WHAT IS WORLD POPULATION
DISTRIBUTION

•Population distribution means the pattern of

where people live. World population
distribution is uneven. Places which are
sparsely populated contain few people. Places
which are densely populated contain many
people. Sparsely populated places tend to be
difficult places to live.
•The world population is not uniformly
distributed over the Earth.The most
striking feature of the world
population distribution map is
unevenness of the pattern.
The world contains four great
clusters of population
•South Asia,East Asia, Europe and
Northeastern United
States/Southeastern Canada.

South Asia cluster is compose primarily countries

associated with the Indian subcontinent
Bangladesh,Nepal and Pakistan.
•The most populous cluster,containing a fourth of
the world's people.
East Asia Zone which includes
China,Japan,North Korea,Sourh Korea and
Taiwan.
•is the second largest in population.
Europe----Southern,Western and Eastern through
Ukraine and much of European Russian.
•is the third extensive world population
concentration,about 10 percent of its inhabitants.

Much smaller in extent and total numbers is

the cluster in the Northeastern
United/Southeastern Canada
Ecumene applied to
permanently
inhabited areas of
the earth's
surface .The ancient
greeks uses the
words, derived from
their verb "to
inhabit",to describe
their known.
Choropleth map with 1996 population ecumene
(1997 Annual Survey of Manufactures data)
Nonecumene the Examples of such
uninhabited or very
sparsely occupied nonecumene areas as
zone,As a group, the perceived by Greeks are
list of uninhabited
places are called the tropical rain forest, high
"nonecumene". This mountainous areas,
is a special geography
term which means permanent ice covered Polar
the uninhabited area and Tundra region and mid
of the world.
latitude deserts.
POPULATION DENSITY
WHAT IS POPULATION DENSITY?
•The number of individuals living within
that specific location determines the
population density, or the number of
individuals divided by the size of the
area.
•In simple terms, population density
refers to the number of people living in
an area per square kilometre or other
unit of land area.
 Three Methods for calculating
population density.
•Crude density or Arithmetic density -is the

most common and simplistic variation.It

calculates the number of people per unit area

of land usually within the boundaries of a

Agricultural Density -is another useful
variation.It simply exclude cities populations
from the physiological density calculations and
report the number of rural
resident per unit of agricultural productive land.