REY ALLEN G.

BALATBAT

Instructor
Each week, about
1.6 million people
are added to the
world’s
population. As a
result, the number
of people on the
earth is projected
to increase from
6.7 to 9.3 billion
or more between
2008 and 2050,
with most of this
growth occurring
in the world’s
developing
countries.
Can the world provide an adequate
standard of living for a projected
2.6 billion more people by 2050
without causing widespread
environmental damage?
 CHAPTER 1:
HUMAN POPULATION
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: By the end of this chapter, you will
be able to:
▪ Define what population and population growth are.
▪ Enumerate the different characteristics of population and the
factors affecting population.
▪ Calculate the birth rate, and mortality rate of a population.
▪ Explain the human population growth using graphs, tables, or
charts.
 CHAPTER 1:
HUMAN POPULATION
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: By the end of this chapter, you will
be able to:
▪ Gather, organize, and interpret human population dynamics data.
▪ Design human population growth and distribution chart using
indigenous resources.
A population is a group of
individuals of the same
species that live together in
a region.
CHARACTERISTICS OF
POPULATION
1. Pattern of Distribution
2. Population Size
3. Population Density
4. Age Structure
5. Sex Ratio
6. Biotic potential
 Individuals in a population may depict
random, uniform or clumped distribution.
 The total number of individuals of a species in a
particular area at a specific time

For example, 42000 asiatic

lions in the year 2000 or
population of India in the year
2001 was 1,027,015,247.
It is the number of individuals of a species present per
unit area or volume at a given time.

for example, number of people per sq.

kilometer in the year 2000 or number of
phytoplanktons per cubit metre of
water.
1. Crude Density - the density per unit of total space.
Generally, populations do not occupy all the space as
whole because all area may not be habitable.
2. Specific (or Ecological) Density- the density per unit of
habitable space. It includes only that portion of total
space that can actually be colonized by the population.
Population density can be calculated by the following
equation:
Where:

𝑁 Dp = Population density

𝐷𝑝 = N = Total number of individuals

𝐴 A = Number of units of space (area or volume)

 TRY:
If 60 cows live in an area of 15 km2, what is the
population density?
Refers to the percentage
of individuals of different
ages such as young (pre-
reproductive), adult
(reproductive) and old
(post-reproductive).
The sex ratio of the population
is the number of females and
males per thousand individuals.

For Example:
In 2001, there were 933 females
per 1000 males in India.
It is the natural ability of the population to
increase at its maximum rate under ideal
environmental conditions
1. Natality or birth rate
2. Mortality or death rate
3. Immigration
4. Emigration
5. Environmental factors
 It refers to the average number of young ones
produced per unit time. In case of human beings, it is
generally expressed as number of births per 1000
individuals in the population per year.

𝑵𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒃𝒊𝒓𝒕𝒉𝒔 𝒑𝒆𝒓 𝒚𝒆𝒂𝒓

𝑵𝒂𝒕𝒂𝒍𝒊𝒕𝒚 𝒐𝒓 𝑩𝒊𝒓𝒕𝒉 𝑹𝒂𝒕𝒆 = × 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝑵𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒑𝒐𝒑𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒑𝒆𝒓 𝒚𝒆𝒂𝒓
It refers to the average number of individuals that die per unit
time. In case of human beings, it is generally expressed as the
number of deaths per 1000 persons in a population per year.

𝑵𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒅𝒆𝒂𝒕𝒉𝒔 𝒑𝒆𝒓 𝒚𝒆𝒂𝒓

𝑴𝒐𝒓𝒕𝒂𝒍𝒊𝒕𝒚 𝒐𝒓 𝑫𝒆𝒂𝒕𝒉 𝑹𝒂𝒕𝒆 = × 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝑵𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒑𝒐𝒑𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒑𝒆𝒓 𝒚𝒆𝒂𝒓
It refers to the entry of
additional individuals
into the existing
population of a region
from outside.
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 It refers to the departure of some
individuals from the existing
population of a region to a different
region or country.
a. Food and Shelter
b. Natural calamities
c. Biotic factors

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CHANGE IN POPULATION SIZE
Population Growth
Population Growth
Population growth refers
to the increase in its size
due to increase in number
of organisms.
It is determined by the
number of individuals
added to the population
and the number of
individuals lost from the
population.
 Positive, Negative & Zero Growth

POSITIVE GROWTH - When more individuals are

added to the population than are lost
NEGATIVE GROWTH - When more individuals are
lost from the population than are added
ZERO GROWTH - When addition and loss of
individuals are balanced
 Population Growth
Growth of population is regulated by an interaction
between following two components:
a. Biotic potential
b.Environmental resistance
Population Growth Curves
 Types of Growth Curve

a.SIGMOID CURVE (S-CURVE)

b.J-SHAPED CURVE
 1. SIGMOID CURVE (S-CURVE)

This type of growth curve is shown by the

populations of most animals as well as by the
yeast cells grown under laboratory conditions. It
can be obtained by plotting number of
individuals against time.
1. SIGMOID CURVE
(S-CURVE)

It has four phases:

a. Initial period of slow growth (Lag
phase)
b. Period of exponential growth
(Exponential phase)
c. Period of decreasing growth
(Negative acceleration phase)
d. Phase of equilibrium (Stationary
phase)
 2. J-SHAPED CURVE

This type of growth curve is depicted by

annuals or by those animals which feed on
seasonal plants.
2. J-SHAPED CURVE

It has two phases:

a. Initial period of slow
growth (Lag phase)
b. Period of exponential
growth (Exponential
phase)
What type of
growth curve does
a human
population growth
shows?
HUMAN POPULATION GROWTH CURVE