Chapter 2 Energy and Matter

2.1
Energy

Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

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Energy

Energy
• makes objects move.
• makes things stop.
• is needed to “do work”.

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Work

Work is done when

• you climb.
• you lift a bag of
groceries.
• you ride a bicycle.
• you breathe.
• your heart pumps blood.
• water goes over a dam.
Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

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Potential Energy

Potential energy is
energy stored for use at
a later time.

Examples are

• water behind a dam.

• a compressed spring.
• chemical bonds in
gasoline, coal, or food.
Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

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Kinetic Energy

Kinetic energy is the

energy of matter in motion.

Examples are
• swimming.
• water flowing over a dam.
• working out.
• burning gasoline.

Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

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Learning Check

Identify the energy as potential or kinetic.

A. roller blading
B. a peanut butter and jelly sandwich
C. mowing the lawn
D. gasoline in the gas tank

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Solution

Identify the energy as 1) potential or 2) kinetic.

A. roller blading (kinetic)

B. a peanut butter and jelly sandwich (potential)
C. mowing the lawn (kinetic)
D. gasoline in the gas tank (potential)

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Units for Measuring Energy or Heat

Heat is measured in joules or calories.

4.184 Joules (J) = 1 calorie (cal) (exact)

1 kJ = 1000 J
1 kilocalorie (kcal) = 1000 calories (cal)

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Examples of Energy In Joules

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Learning Check

How many calories are obtained from a pat of butter

if it provides 150 J of energy when metabolized?

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Solution

How many calories are obtained is a pat of butter

if it provides 150 J of energy when metabolized?

Given: 150 J
Need: calories
Plan: J  cal
Equality: 1 cal = 4.184 J
Set Up: 150 J x 1 cal = 36 cal
4.184 J

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