PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY

Urdaneta City Campus

COLLEGE OF ARTS AND EDUCATION
Teacher Education

Reporters:

ANGILENE MALLARI REY MAR DIZON

BSED FILIPINO 1A BSED FILIPINO 2A
Subject: Ethics Proffesor: Rodolfo Baniqued Jr.
Basic Theories and
Frameworks in Ethics
Learning Outcome:
 To explore the fundamental theories and
frameworks that shape ethical decision-making
in various fields such as business, medicine, and
the environment.
 Main Ethical Approaches of Ethics
Virtue Theory (Ethics of Character)
Virtue ethics emphasizes the role of one’s character and the virtues that
one’s character embodies for determining or evaluating ethical
behavior.

Emphasizes being rather than doing . Morality stems from the identity
and character of an individual rather than being a reflection of the
actions or consequences.

A virtue ethics philosopher will identify virtues, diserable,

characteristics that the moral or virtuous person embodies. Possessing
these virtue in virtues, ethics is what makes one moral, and one’s action
are mere reflection of one’s inner morality.
 Main Ethical Approaches of Ethics
Deontological Ethics “Duty Ethics”

Places the emphasis on adhering to ethical principles, duties and

fulfilling obligations.

Multiple Motivations for “DUTY”

IMMANUEL KANT
“Our actions should be motivated by reason, rather than by emotions-
you should not only do good things when you feel like it”

DIVINE COMMAND THEORY

It has been decreed by God to be “good”
 Main Ethical Approaches of Ethics
Consequentialism

The basis of the morality of an action is upon the consequences of the

outcome

The main contention here is what outcomes should be identified as

objectively desirable

ETHICAL EGOISM
UTILITARIANISM
Main Ethical Approaches of Ethics
Main Ethical Approaches of Ethics
Main Ethical Approaches of Ethics
Frameworks for Ethical Decision Making

The Four Principles Approach

A framework that considers
autonomy, beneficence, non-
maleficence, and justice when
making ethical choices.
 Critiques and Challenges

Cultural Relativism

An ethical approach that argues that moral values and

practices are determined by cultural norms, leading to
potential conflicts when different cultures interact.

Ethical Subjectivism
The belief that individual opinions and feelings determine what
is morally right or wrong, making ethical judgments subjective
and relative.
CULTURAL RELATIVISM
ETHICAL SUBJECTIVISM
ETHICAL SUBJECTIVISM
Application of Ethical Theories and Frameworks

Business Ethics Medical Ethics Environmental Ethics

Examining ethical Exploring ethical Addressing moral
issues in the corporate dilemmas in healthcare, considerations related to
world, such as corporate including patient the natural world, such
social responsibility, autonomy, end-of-life as sustainability,
fair trade, and ethical decisions, and the conservation, and the
decision-making in ethical use of medical ethical treatment of
business practices. technology. animals.
BUSINESS ETHICS
MEDICAL ETHICS
ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS