Diseases are caused by virus

Covid-19
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
This diseases can be spread through small droplets from nose or mouth when coughing and
sneezing.
Chicken Pox

Chickenpox is a highly contagious disease caused by the

varicella-zoster virus (VZV). It can cause an itchy, blister-like
rash. The rash appears first on the chest, back, and face, and
then spreads over the entire body. Chicken pox is
transmitted from person to person by directly touching the
blister, saliva or mucus of an infected person. The virus also
can be transmitted through air by coughing and sneezing.
Ebola

Ebola is a deadly disease caused by a virus. The

2014 outbreak occurred mainly in West Africa.
Symptoms often start with fever, severe headache,
muscle pain, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and
vomiting. Late symptoms include bleeding, organ
failure, and often, death.
Common Cold

The common cold is an infection of your nose, sinuses, throat and windpipe. Colds spread
easily, especially within homes, classrooms and workplaces. More than 200 different viruses can
cause colds. Rhinovirus is the most common cause, accounting for 10 to 40 percent of colds.
There's no cure for a common cold, but it usually goes away within a week to 10 days.
AIDS/HIV

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is defined

as an HIV infection with either a CD4+ T cell count below
200 cells per µL or the occurrence of specific diseases
associated with HIV infection. In the absence of specific
treatment, around half of people infected with HIV
develop AIDS within ten years.
HIV is caused by a virus. It can spread through sexual
contact, illicit injection drug use or sharing needles,
contact with infected blood, or from mother to child
during pregnancy, childbirth or breastfeeding. HIV
destroys CD4 T cells — white blood cells that play a large
role in helping your body fight diseases.
 Diseases are caused by Bacteria
Typhoid

Typhoid fever is a life-threatening infection caused by the bacterium Salmonella Typhi.

Tuberculosis (TB)

Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by a bacterium called

Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The bacteria usually attack the
lungs, but TB bacteria can attack any part of the body such as the
kidney, spine, and brain.
Cholera

Cholera is an acute diarrheal illness caused by infection of the

intestine with Vibrio cholerae bacteria. People can get sick when
they swallow food or water contaminated with cholera bacteria.
How do diseases spread?
Viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites can be passed from one host to another spreading diseases.
This known as transmission. Diseases caused by these phatogens can spread or be transmitted in
different ways.
Controlling the Spread of Diseases
How can we prevent the spread of diseases?
We know that infectious diseases spread in different ways. We can
prevent a disease spread if we practice good hygiene. This means
keeping ourselves and the things around us clean. These are some things
we can do:
1. Wash our hands with soaps and water before eating or working with
food and after going to the toilet. Also drying our hands well on a clean
towel.
2. Wash our hands after handling animals, cleaning up animal waste or
gardening.
3. Wash raw unpeeled fruits and vegetables before eating them.
4. Keep food covered.
5. Do not leave food at room temperature especially when the weather is
hot as bacteria and fungi grow faster when it is warm.
6. Keep the kitchen, toilet and surroundings clean.
7.Wash knives and working surfaces with hot soapy water after
using them
8. Only drink safe, clean water. Boil water from rivers or reservoirs,
or use water that has been chemically treated at water treatment
plants to make it safe.
9. Do not use rivers or other bodies of water as a toilet
10. Cover your nose and mouth with a tissue when you cough or
sneeze. If you do not have tissue, cough or sneeze into your elbow
not your hand.
11. Keep wounds covered with a plaster and do not touch other’s
open wounds.
How can we avoid insect bites?
Insect such as mosquitoes can carry phatogens from one host to another.
These insects are called vector. Malaria and yellow fever are spread by
mosquitoes. How can we stay safe in places where these disease are
common? These are some of the ways to prevent insect bites
1. We can sleep under a mosquito net or cover the windows with mosquito
screens.
2. We should prevent standing water from collecting around our homes. We
can also add oil to water. The oil prevents air from entering water. Without
air, the larvae of mosquitoes in the water cannot live.
3. Wear long sleeves and long trousers.
4. Keep doors and windows closed at night when the mosquitoes are active.
5. Use insect repellents on your skin to keep insects away.
6. Burn mosquito coils to keep insects away.
How Does Our Body Fight Diseases?
We have known that medicines can treat some illnesses and vaccinations can
prevent some infectious diseases. The human body has its own defence
mechanisms to fight diseases.
1. A sticky substance called mucus lines our nose, throat and trachea. The
mucus trap phatogens from the air we breathe in.
2. Our skin covers all the parts of our body. It acts as a physical barrier. It
prevents phatogens from entering our body.
3. Sometimes phatogens may enter our body along with contaminated food or
water. Our stomach secretes or releases an acid that kills these phatogens.