TUMOR ONCOLOGY

DEFINITIONS OF TERMS
• _____________= THE UNCONTROLLED GROWTH OF NORMAL CELLS
• _____________= NOT IMMORTAL, DOES NOT INVADE HEALTHY TISSUE
EXTENSIVELY
• _____________= IMMORTAL, PROGRESSIVELY INVASIVE, CANCER, INVADES
NORMAL TISSUES
• ___________ = ARISE FROM MESODERMAL CONNECTIVE TISSUES
• ___________ = ARISE FROM MESODERMAL CONNECTIVE TISSUES
• ______________________ = MALIGNANT TUMORS OF HEMATOPOIETIC CELLS OF THE
BONE MARROW
• _____________________ = MOVES THROUGH THE BLOOD OR LYMPH
TO NEW SITES; SMALL CLUMPS OF CELLS THAT BREAK OFF AND
SPREAD WHERE THEY CONTINUE TO GROW
• ______________________ = GENES THAT NORMALLY REGULATE THE
INITIATION AND EXECUTION OF NORMAL CELL DIVISION
• __________________ = MUTANT FORMS OF PHOTO-
ONCOGENES THAT CONTRIBUTE TO VARIOUS TUMOR
TYPES OR MALIGNANT TRANSFORMATION

• ________= NEUROFIBROMATOSIS
• ________= RETINOBLASTOMA
TUMOR ANTIGENS
• TUMOR-______________ ANTIGENS= NOT FOUND ON
NORMAL SOMATIC CELLS BUT RESULT FROM MUTATIONS
OF GENES
• TUMOR-_______________ANTIGENS= NOT UNIQUE TO
TUMOR CELLS BUT ANTIGEN EXPRESSION HAS BEEN
ALTERED AND CAN BE EXPRESSED IN EXCESS WHERE IT
WOULD NOT NORMALLY EXIST
ONCOFETAL ANTIGENS (AFP AND CEA)
• EXPRESSED ON TUMORS AND ON NORMAL FETAL CELLS

• __________________________= ELEVATED IN THE SERUM

OF PATIENTS WITH LIVER TUMORS, AND GERM CELL
TUMORS SUCH AS TESTICULAR CANCER, AND CAN BE
USED AS A MARKER OF DISEASE STATUS

• ___________________________= COLON CANCER, COLITIS,

PANCREATITIS, AND PROSTATE CANCER
BETA SUBUNIT OF HUMAN CHORIONIC
GONADOTROPIN (BETA-HCG)
• _____________________ CANCER IN MEN
• INCREASE ____________ IN WOMEN
CA-___________
• EXPRESSED IN MOST NONMUCINOUS EPITHELIAL OVARIAN
TUMORS
CA________
• BREAST CANCER
• NOTE: GREATEST INCREASE IN METASTATIC DISEASE
RATHER THAN IN PRIMARY BREAST CANCER
CA_________
• PANCREATIC CANCER
PROSTATE SPECIFIC ANTIGEN (PSA)
• TISSUE-SPECIFIC
CA _________
• GASTRIC CARCINOMA
______________
• BREAST CANCER
________________
• MEDULLARY THYROID CARCINOMA
NOTE: ABOUT CA 19-9
• NORMAL SOURCE IS FROM SIALYATED _____________
BLOOD GROUP ANTIGEN
• SUBJECTS WHO ARE LEWIS A AND B NEGATIVE CANNOT
SYNTHESIZE CA 19-9
LABORATORY METHODS FOR CANCER
SCREENING AND DIAGNOSIS
• GROSS AND MICROSCOPIC MORPHOLOGY OF TUMORS
• DETECTION OF ANTIGEN/ PROTEIN TUMOR MARKER
• DNA/RNA MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS
• CYTOGENETIC STUDIES
• _____________________ AMPLIFICATION TEST
• FISH TEST