HISTORY OF

TOURISM AND
HOSPITALITY
LEARNING OUTCOMES:

LO1: Describe the history of the tourism and hospitality industry

LO2: Explain the origin of tourism and hospitality in the

Philippines
HISTORY OF THE
TOURISM
INDUSTRY
Early Tourism

• “tourism” is derived from the word torah which means

studying, learning, or searching.
• Two forms of early tourism are:
• Travel for business
• Travel for religious reasons
Tourism in Medieval Period

• Travel was declined

• It became burdensome, dangerous, and demanding
• Roman empire in the 5th century, roads were not maintained and
became unsafe
Tourism During the Renaissance and Elizabethan Eras

• Renowned universities developed

• Travel for education was introduced largely by the British
• During 16th century
Tourism During the Industrial Revolution

• Brought about major changes in type of tourism development

• Not only technological changes but also essential social changes
• Travel desirable as a recreational activity
• Increase in productivity, regular employment, and growing
urbanization
Modern Tourism

• 19th century
• Technological developments had a great effect on the growth of
tourism
• Introduction of the railway
• Development of steam power
• Invested heavily in hotels, resorts, and entertainment facilities
Tourism in 20th Century

• Pleasure travel continued to expand

• Increase of wealth, curiosity, and outgoing attitudes of the people
• Introduction of the motor car
HISTORY OF THE
HOSPITALITY
INDUSTRY
Ancient Period
The Sumerians
• Hospitality industry began with the Sumerians
• Lived in Mesopotamia, about 4000 BC
• Skilled farmers and cattle breeders
• Sumerian farmers were able to produce abundant harvests
• They sell their surplus grain to people in other parts of the region
• They invented money and writing
• First to develop trade
Early Traders

• 2000 BC
• Considerable amount of trade had developed among the people in
Middle East
• Many became traders of exotic goods
• Caravanserai (provides food and shelter to travelers)
Empires: 3200 BC to 476 AD
Egyptian Empire
• Developed slowly over several thousand years
• Government ruled by “pharaoh” the Egyptian term for King
• Famous pyramids or tombs became tourist attractions
• People traveled to attend religious festivals
• Egyptians were the first to see that food service and lodging should be
provided to travelers
• Egyptians were the first to begin tourism and hospitality
Greek Empire

• Developed about 1100 BC

• Evolved in the form of independent city-states
• Greeks were dedicated travelers
• Because of increased travel, some from of overnight
accommodation became a necessity
• Inns and taverns became common in ancient Greece
Roman Empire

• 146 BC
• Greece became a Roman protectorate
• Inns and taverns were established throughout the empire
• Near the cities, inns and taverns were constructed for the less
wealthy
Medieval Period
Dark Ages
• Innkeeping almost disappeared
• Roman Catholic Church took over the job of feeding and housing
travelers
• Travelers were not charged for lodging
• Those who were able to pay were expected to give donations
Renaissance: 1350 AD to 1600 AD

• There were no restaurants or dining establishments

• In England, there were taverns, pubs, and inns. None of these
served food
• Concern about table manner
• Not to put food on their plate using their fingers
• Burping at the dinner table was considered unacceptable
Early Modern Period: 1600 AD to 1800 AD

• Coffee and tea began to influence

• Coffee houses were built all over Europe
• St. Michael’s Alley was the first English coffee house in London in
1652
• Reintroduction of restaurants for public dining in France
• Café was developed in France
The Industrial Era: from 1800

• Industrial revolution dates from mid 1700s, started in England

• Development of railroad networks was first in England
Modern Period
Nineteenth Century

• Hotels were constructed without dining facilities

• In 1875, a dining facility was opened in the Albemarle Hotel in London
• The term restaurant referred to the dining room of a hotel
• Preserving food through canning and vacuum packing, mass feeding for
school children, establishment of ice cream parlors
Twentieth Century
• In 1921, Walter Anderson and Billy Ingraham began the White Castle
hamburger chains
• In 1927, root beer stands open
• Drive-in and fast-food restaurants also sprang up in America
• After World War II, there were a rapid development of hotels and coffee shops
• In 1990s, hospitality industry experienced a downturn due to the Gulf War
• Since 1993, eastern Europe and China have opened up
Origins of Tourism and Hospitality in the Philippines

• Began when the original inhabitants of the country roamed around in search
of food
• Country was discovered by Ferdinand Magellan during the galleon trade
• During the American occupation of the Philippines, more comfortable and
faster means of transportation for tourism and hospitality was introduce
• No tour operators nor travel agencies which existed formally
• Only few tourist attractions and destinations
• In 1952, first tourism and hospitality association in the Philippines was
organized
• Philippines Tourist and Travel Association (PTTA)
• PTTA was funded by the government to promote the country’s tourism and
hospitality industry
• Board of Travel and Tourist Industry (BTTI) to regulate, supervise, and control
the tourist industry
• 1950s more hotels and restaurants and entertainment facilities were
established
• In 1960s up to the ‘70s, Philippines had undergone economic, social, and
political crises
• In 1972, after the declaration of martial law, when tourism and hospitality
prospered
• Tourism and hospitality in the Philippines at present is the result of the
continuous development and promotion of tourism and hospitality from 1950
to the present