Case study on Rajasthan and

Nagaland
.
 Natural vegetation
• Rajashthan (flora and fauna)
• Flora
• Rajasthan's forest vegetation is dispersed in open areas in small patches. There
are approximately 480 plant species in these forests, including 107 trees, 55
shrubs, 215 herbs, 45 climbers, 40 grasses, and 15 lower plants.

• Rajasthan has three distinct forest types:

• The tropical forest is found in the western arid regions of Jaisalmer, Jodhpur, Pali,
Bikaner, etc. tress like Khejari, Rohida, Ber, Ker, Thor tress and a few varieties of
bushes like Foag, Akra, Lana Arna, and Jhaber grow in these forests.
• Tropical dry and deciduous forest covers a huge region from the east to the
south-east of the state, it includes many forests like Dry teak, Salar, Bamboo,
Dhokra, Palash, Khair, Babul, and Mixed deciduous forest.
• Sub-Tropical Mountain forest is only found in the Mount Abu region it has dense
vegetation like Mango, Bamboo, Neem, Teak trees, etc
.
• Fauna
•. Mammals.
• Tiger, Indian Sambar, Chital, Wild cats, Silver Foxes, Jackal, Wolf,
Indian porcupine, Wild boar, Civet cat, Tiger, Indian Sambar,
Chital, Wild cats, Silver Foxes, Jackal, Wolf, Indian porcupine, Wild
boar, Civet cat, Tiger, Indian Sambar, Chital.

• The tropical forest is found in the western arid regions of

Jaisalmer, Jodhpur, Pali, Bikaner, etc. tress like Khejari, Rohida,
Ber, Ker, Thor tress and a few varieties of bushes like Foag, Akra,
Lana Arna, and Jhaber grow in these forests.
• Reptiles
• Desert monitor lizards, tortoises, Indian pythons, Rat snakes,
Indian chameleons, Spiny tail Lizards.
• Colourful birds
• Eagles, falcons, kestrels, vultures, buzzards, harriers, wild ducks,
great Indian bustard, short-toed snake eagle. and a variety of
other animals can all be found in the desert.
 Nagaland(flora and fauna)
• Flora & Fauna
• Peren District is rich in natural vegetation. It enjoys the distinction of being one of
the few places in Nagaland where virgin forests are still found.
• Sub-Tropical Mixed Forest characterized by broad-leafed evergreen trees and
deciduous trees abounds. In an area of 50 square meters there occurs as much as
20 to 30 different varieties of trees. The main/dominating species in the high
altitude are such as Bonsum, Gogra, Alder, Oak species and locally known Nzam,
Ngui, Ncinlei, Ndia, Nkia bang, Telim, Teirekakchi ching, Hekeuchi ching, Henap
ching, and Chinghei ching. Also occurs wild cherries and wild apples, wild lemon,
wild banana, wild walnut, wild fig, varieties of edible plants 2° and leaves, and
cane and reed at selected places. At the foothill, Gomari, Holloc, Koroi, Mesua,
Tita-Chapa, Neem, Wild Mango, Amla and Bamboo species are the dominant
species. Varities of shrubs, herbs -many with medicinal values, climbers, ferns and
grasses including the locally called Langtanhei, Heitik, Hemunchi, Muentikchi bang,
Tonglalachi bang, Mbau, Beiria, Tapohei, and Retim comprise the undergrowth.
Parasatic plants, locally known as Nrembang, having the characteristics of banyan
tree also occurs in patches. Of recent, plantation species such as Pine species,
Eucalyptus, Teak, Gomari and Silver Oak has become a part of the vegetation.
 .
• The forest is also rich in orchid. Of the more than 100 species found,
Blue Vanda, Red Vanda, Queen Neclace, Ladies Slippers and Tiger
Orchid are the dominant ones. Varieties of bamboo are found in
patches throughout the District. There also occurs a rare species of
bamboo – finger size and cane – like in structure – believe to be the
World’s tallest/longest bamboo in the foothills of Peletkie village along
the margins of Tepuiki river and in the ranges of Tesen.
• The verdant forest of the District is also home to variety of fauna – a
paradise for animals and birds lovers and researchers. Dominant wild
animals includes Stag, Bear, Mithun, Sloth, Barking Deer, Mountain
Deer, Wild Hog, the rare Pangolin, Elephant, varieties of Monkeys,
varieties of wild cats, varieties of Porcupine, Flying Fox, Flying Squirrel,
Himalayan Giant Squirrel and other different varieties of squirrels, Civet
Cats, snakes, Python, Otter etc. The rivulets and rivers teem with
different varieties of fishes and other water creatures, of which trout is
rare species.
• Dominant birds includes Hornbill, varieties of pigeons including royal
pigeon, parrot, mama, mountain peacock, the rare and elusive Blythe’s
Tragopan, varieties of jungle fowls, and other varieties of smaller birds.
 Rajasthan(crops)

• Rajasthan has 60 percentage location and 10 percent location is

mountainous. Thus, the agricultural work is now not achieved and the
abandoned land is located to be missing in the capacity of irrigation. Due
to dependence on rain in most of the state's farming, the kingdom is
referred to as the monsoon playing in the state.
• Rabi crop
• October, November and January-February
• Rabi is known as Unalu.
• Ravi - wheat barley, chana, sarso, lentils, peas, linseed, taramira,
sunflower
• Kharif crop
• June, July and September-October
• Kharif is referred to as Sialu / Savnu.
• Kharif - Millet, Jowar, groundnut, cotton, maize, sugarcane, soyabean, etc
1. wheat
2.Barley
3. Jowar
4. Chanwal
 Nagaland (crops)
• In Nagaland, a state in northeastern India, the
crops grown during the monsoon and summer
seasons vary depending on factors such as
climate, soil type, and agricultural practices.
Here are some common crops grown in
Nagaland during these seasons:
• Monsoon Season:

• 1. Rice: Rice is the main staple crop of Nagaland and is cultivated extensively during
the monsoon season. Different varieties of rice, including both upland and lowland
varieties, are grown.

• 2. Maize: Maize is another important crop grown during the monsoon season. It is
used for both consumption and as animal feed.

• 3. Millets: Various millet crops such as finger millet (ragi), pearl millet (bajra), and little
millet (kutki) are grown during the monsoon season. These millets are used for
human consumption and have high nutritional value.

• 4. Vegetables: Several vegetables are grown during the monsoon season, including
tomatoes, cucumbers, pumpkins, gourds, leafy greens, and beans. These vegetables
are consumed locally or sold in markets
• Summer Season:

• 1. Vegetables: The summer season in Nagaland is relatively shorter and experiences

higher temperatures. Nevertheless, farmers cultivate certain vegetables such as
tomatoes, brinjal (eggplant), beans, and chilies during this season.

• 2. Oilseeds: Some oilseeds like sesame, mustard, and groundnut are grown during
the summer season. These oilseeds are used for oil extraction and culinary purposes.

• 3. Pulses: Certain pulses like black gram (urad dal), green gram (moong dal), and
pigeon pea (arhar dal) are cultivated during the summer season. These pulses serve
as important sources of protein in the local diet.

• It's important to note that agricultural practices and crop choices may vary among
different regions within Nagaland, as the state has diverse topography and agro-
climatic conditions. Additionally, farmers may also engage in horticulture practices
and cultivate fruits such as oranges, pineapples, and bananas throughout the year.
 Rajashthan(festivals)
Teej – Worship Of Goddess Teej
• International Kite Festival – A Vibrant Festival
Of Rajasthan
• Jaipur Literature Festival – The Greatest
Literary Show On Earth
• 4. Elephant Fair – The Traditional Festival Of
Rajasthan
 .

• 5. Winter Festival -Explore Various Forms Of

Arts,etc.
 Nagaland(festival)

• 1. Hornbill Festival
• 2. Sekrenyi
• 3. Tsukheneye
• 4. Aoleang
 .

• 5. Naknyulem