CH 3-6 Auto-Reclosing (Lecture) 080711

Chap3.
6 Auto-reclosing
Chapter 3 Transmission Line Protection
Section 6
Auto-reclosing
Copyright © 2008 Toshiba Corporation. All rights 1

Chap3.6 Auto-reclosing
Outline of Auto-reclosing
<TRANSIENT FAULT>
Majority of faults on overhead line Lightning(Transient
Fault)
Permit re-energization after short time interruption

This processes are performed automatically
Auto-reclosing
<PERMANENT FAULT>
Faults on cable circuits Insulation Failure (Permanent Fault)
Auto-reclosing is not performed on cable circuits, and

also transformers, generators and busbars to prevent
from the extension of system damage.
Auto-reclosing for a transient fault

Auto-reclosing for a permanent fault

Purpose of Auto-reclosing
(1) Improvement in Transient Stability
Eg∠δ A B Es∠0
1L
P Ⅰ：Double circuit in operation
Fault
2L
Ⅱ：During fault
Ⅲ ：Single circuit in operation
P= Eg×Es×sinδ/ X a ：Normal operating point
b ：Point at which the CB trips
P : Power from A to B
c ：Point of auto-reclosing
δ: Phase angle between A and B
X : Reactance between A and B
P P
c
Ⅰ A3 Ⅰ
A2
b a b Ⅲ
a Ⅲ
Po Po
Decelerating Energy Decelerating Energy
A1 A1
Ⅱ Ⅱ
Accelerating Energy Accelerating Energy
δ δ
SINGLE LINE OPERATION PARALLEL LINE OPERATION(After
reclosed)
Accelerating Energy(A1) > Decelerating Energy(A2)
Accelerating Energy(A1) = Decelerating Energy(A3)
UNSTABLE
STABLE
(2) Reduction in power outage period
 Fast auto-reclosing enables re-transmission of power
within 0.5 to 1 sec or so
 Transient stability is improved
Failure of the entire system can be prevented.
(3) System restoration time and operator workload

 Complicated operations and checks are required for system
restoration. It will take a long time to restore the system.
 The workload for operators will increase.
Execute quickly, Reduce workload, minimize human
errors

Auto-reclosing system
Classification for dead time
Example of High-speed Autoreclosing Dead time:

• 500kV system : approx. 1.0s
• 187 – 275kV system : approx. 0.5 – 0.8s

Number of disconnected phases

(1) Single-phase auto-reclosing
Performance
-Reclosing is preformed, if single-phase fault occurs
-Final trip is performed, if multi-phase fault occurs
Case Fault phase Tripping and relosing

#1 line #2 line #1 line #2 line
A B C A B C
1 X 1φT→ARC
2 X X 3φFT
3 X X X 3φFT


(a case of single-phase fault)
ABC ABC
power system operation is maintained

□Open ■ Close


(a case of multi-phase fault)
ABC ABC
Final trip
□Open ■ Close
□Open ■ Close

(2) Three-phase auto-reclosing
Performance
-Reclosing is always preformed, if any fault occurs

A B C A B C
1 X 3φT→ARC
2 X X 3φT→ARC
3 X X X 3φT→ARC


ABC ABC
Voltage synchronism check

□Open
■Close


ABC ABC

□Open
■Close

(1)&(2) Combination of Single-phase and Three-phase auto-reclosing
Performance
-Reclosing is preformed, if any fault occurs
Single-phase AR is performed, if single-phase fault occurs
Three-phase AR is performed, if multi-phase fault occurs

A B C A B C
1 X 1φT→ARC
2 X X 3φT→ARC
3 X X X 3φT→ARC


ABCABC ABCABC
Single-phase AR
□Open
□Open Close
■Close
■


ABCABC ABCABC

Three-phase AR
□Open ■ Close

(3) Multiple-phase auto-reclosing (MPAR)
Performance
-Reclosing is preformed according to the fault condition in
double-circuit line
MPAR is to be performed, if two or more healthy phase remain in
double-circuit line
Final trip is to be performed, if above condition is not satisfied.

(3) Multiple-phase auto-reclosing
ABC ABC
Two-different phase remain

□Open ■ Close MPAR

ABC ABC
Two-different phase don’t remain

□Open ■ Close FT(Final Trip)


Case Fault phase Tripping and reclosing
A B C A B C
1 X -- -- -- 1φT→ARC --
2 X X -- -- -- 3φFT --
3 X X X -- -- -- 3φFT --
4 X 1φT→ARC
5 X X 1φT→ARC 1φT→ARC
6 X X 2φT→ARC
7 X X 1φT→ARC 1φT→ARC
8 X X X 2φT→ARC 1φT→ARC
9 X X X X 3φFT 3φFT
10 X X X 3φT→ARC
11 X X X 2φT→ARC 1φT→ARC
12 X X X X 2φT→ARC 2φT→ARC
13 X X X X 3φT→ARC 1φT→ARC
14 X X X X X 3φFT 3φFT
15 X X X X X X 3φFT 3φFT
Classification according to dead time

(1) High-speed auto-reclosing
 The dead time is mainly determined by the de-ionization time
The time taken for the secondary arc to disappear
 Secondary arc current
The dielectric recovery time and de-ionization time

Longer as fault current increases, In proportion to system voltage


(2) Medium-speed auto-reclosing
 The dead time is considered by:

 Attenuation of turbine generator shaft vibration,
 Attenuation of conductor vibration (“Galloping” and “Sleet
jump”) etc.
“Galloping” “Sleet jump”


(3) Low-speed auto-reclosing
 The dead time is considered to be more like an automatic

recovery method
 In the event of unsuccessful high-speed auto-reclosing

Circuit breaker conditions for auto-reclosing

CB closing operation must be
performed after the opening
operation.
Therefore, autoreclosing is
ready when the oil pressure
satisfies the highest
pressure condition (63QD).
The closing oil pressure
(63QE) is set higher than
tripping oil pressure (63QF).

Requirement for reclosing

 Only one out of three phases is opened

 Other two phases maintain the interconnection
between both terminals
 No special interconnection checks are required


(2) Three-phase auto-reclosing - 1
 Check to see if adjacent line is healthy in parallel line

system


(2) Three-phase auto-reclosing - 2
 Synchronism-check
Auto-reclosing condition for leading terminal
Auto-reclosing condition for follower terminal


 High speed auto-reclosing after first confirming of

different phases in double circuit line
 Interconnection of the form of two phases or three
phases

Optimum closing time

(1) Optimum closing time in terms of stability

Optimum closing time

(2) Auto-reclosing operation in terms of stability
 Selection of optimum dead time
 Transition from high-speed to medium-speed or low-

speed auto-reclosing

Auto-reclosing in one-and-a-half CB configuration

Case 1:
 Two pairs of CB(#5A and #8A, #5B and #8B) are controlled
concurrently for both clearance fault and auto-reclosing
 Two pairs of CB are used for same operating duty and
operating time


Case 2:
 Auto-reclosing of CB (#8A and #8B) on the bus side are

separate from that of CB (#5A and #5B) in the center


Case 2:
Concept of three-phase auto-reclosing applied to CB in center

Synchronism check method of auto-reclosing

Live Line
&Dead Bus
Live Line & Live Bus

& Synch.
Dead Line
& Live Bus

Auto-reclosing of Cable and OHL combined system
 C-Relay: Fault detection between A and C

 Relay: Fault detection between A and B
Autoreclosing is blocked under C-Relay operation.
Autoreclosing is performed under C-Relay non-operation.

THE END

(1) Improvement in Transient Stability
VA VA  
P
～～
VA VB
P sinδ
X Parallel T/L
(before fault)
Parallel T/L
S1=S2 (After the fault clearance)
(to become stable)
Single T/L (before fault)
S2 Single T/L (After the fault clearance)

S2’
P0
(Perfect
power S1 S1’ During fault (parallel)
flow)
During fault (single)

O1 O2 Example of single phase fault
S1’>S2’
(to become unstable)
Special Protection Scheme (SPS)

VA VB
Transient Stability
P : Power from A to B
X : Reactance between A and B P= VA×VB×sinδ/ X
Power A to B
Power in Double-circuit
Decelerating
Accelerating Energy
Energy Power in single-circuit
Power during a Fault

Two-phase Ground
Power during a Fault

Three-phase Fault


CH 3-6 Auto-Reclosing (Lecture) 080711

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Chap3.

Chapter 3 Transmission Line Protection

Copyright © 2008 Toshiba Corporation. All rights 1

Permit re-energization after short time interruption

Auto-reclosing is not performed on cable circuits, and

Auto-reclosing for a transient fault

Auto-reclosing for a permanent fault

(3) System restoration time and operator workload

Copyright © 2008 Toshiba Corporation. All rights 6

Classification for dead time

Example of High-speed Autoreclosing Dead time:

Copyright © 2008 Toshiba Corporation. All rights 7

Copyright © 2008 Toshiba Corporation. All rights 8

-Final trip is performed, if multi-phase fault occurs

Case Fault phase Tripping and relosing

Copyright © 2008 Toshiba Corporation. All rights 9

(1) Single-phase auto-reclosing

power system operation is maintained

Copyright © 2008 Toshiba Corporation. All rights 10

(1) Single-phase auto-reclosing

Copyright © 2008 Toshiba Corporation. All rights 11

Case Fault phase Tripping and relosing

Copyright © 2008 Toshiba Corporation. All rights 12

(2) Three-phase auto-reclosing

Voltage synchronism check

Copyright © 2008 Toshiba Corporation. All rights 13

(2) Three-phase auto-reclosing

Voltage synchronism check

Copyright © 2008 Toshiba Corporation. All rights 14

Case Fault phase Tripping and relosing

Copyright © 2008 Toshiba Corporation. All rights 15

(1)&(2) Combination of Single-phase and Three-phase auto-reclosing

Copyright © 2008 Toshiba Corporation. All rights 16

(1)&(2) Combination of Single-phase and Three-phase auto-reclosing

Voltage synchronism check

Copyright © 2008 Toshiba Corporation. All rights 17

Copyright © 2008 Toshiba Corporation. All rights 18

(3) Multiple-phase auto-reclosing

Two-different phase remain

Copyright © 2008 Toshiba Corporation. All rights 19

(3) Multiple-phase auto-reclosing

Two-different phase don’t remain

Copyright © 2008 Toshiba Corporation. All rights 20

(3) Multiple-phase auto-reclosing

Classification according to dead time

 The dead time is mainly determined by the de-ionization time

The time taken for the secondary arc to disappear

 Secondary arc current

The dielectric recovery time and de-ionization time

Copyright © 2008 Toshiba Corporation. All rights 22

Classification according to dead time

 The dead time is considered by:

“Galloping” “Sleet jump”

Copyright © 2008 Toshiba Corporation. All rights 23

Classification according to dead time

 The dead time is considered to be more like an automatic

 In the event of unsuccessful high-speed auto-reclosing

Copyright © 2008 Toshiba Corporation. All rights 24

Circuit breaker conditions for auto-reclosing

Copyright © 2008 Toshiba Corporation. All rights 25

Requirement for reclosing

 Only one out of three phases is opened