GENERATOR PROTECTION –

PART
Lalit Kr.
1 Vishal
Neeraj Chaudhary
Sr. Manager Manager
NTPC-Jhajjar NTPC-Jhajjar
COORDINATED BY
DR. V. K. TAYAL
Contents Click to edit Master title style
Responsibilities of Generator
1
1 Protection 8
8 Class-C/D protections

Unit Generator-Transformer NTPC Generator Earthing Practice

2
2 configuration 9
9

Groups/classes of Generator 1
1 Protection : Stator Phase to Phase
3
3 Protection Faults
0
0

1 Protection : 95% Stator Earth

4
4 Trip-Matrix of different classes 1
1
1 Faults

1
1 Protection : 100% Stator Earth
5
5 Class-A1 protections 2 Faults
2

1
1 Protection : Stator Inter-Turn
6
6 Class-A2 protections 3
3 Faults

1
1
7 Class-B protections Protection : Rotor Earth Faults
7 4
4

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 Click
Responsibilities of to edit Master
Generator title stylesystem
Protection

Faults
Stator earth faults
Stator phase to phase faults
Inter-turn fault Companion Protections
Rotor earth fault GT protections
Field failure
UT protections
Abnormal Conditions Backup impedance
Over load ?? OH Differential
Load imbalance OA Differential
Gen overvoltage
Switchyard protections
Gen under voltage ??
Pole slip (Out-of-phase) Backup Impedance
Inadvertent energization
Under frequency
Low forward power
Reverse power

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 Click to edit Master
Unit Generator-Transformer title style
Configuration

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 Click
Groups/Classes to edit Master
of Generator title style
Protection

Without Generator CB
Class-A
Class-B
Class-C?????
Class-D

With Generator CB
Class-A1
Class-A2
Class-B
Class-C
Class-D

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Trip-Matrix of Click to edit
different Master title style
Classes

Class A trip matrix

Gen/AVR trip (for class A1 trip both high voltage CB and Generator CB trip while for
A2 only
Generator CB is tripped)
Turbine trip
UT/ST change over
DR Turbine trip from GRP
Class B trip matrix GT WTI/OTI
Gen/AVR trip GT Cooler Supply Failure
UT/ST change over
GT More Than Two cooler fail
DR

Class C trip matrix

Gen HV-CB trip ???????
DR

Class D trip matrix

Unit aux. transformer I/C trip (UT unloading)
Station transformer to unit switch gear tie close
DR

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Class-A1 protections

21GA BACKUP IMPEDANCE 51UT UT HV OVER CURRENT

32G1/32G2 37G1/37G2 LOW FORWARD/REVERSE 51NUT UT LV E/F RELAY

POWER WITHOUT STOP VALVE 64 RUT UT REF (LV)
87 GT GT DIFFERENTIAL 87 UT UT DIFFERENTIAL
87HV OVERHEAD DIFFERENTIAL UT BUCHHOLZ
51NGT GT BACKUP E/F RELAY UT PRV
99GT OVEREXCITATION PROTECTION UT OIL SURGE RELAY
GT PRV UT FIRE PROTECTION
GT BUCHHOLZ
OFF CIRCUIT TAP CHANGER OPERATED HVCB LBB
GT FIRE PROTECTION TIE BKR LBB
BUS BAR PROTECTION WITH OTHER BKR OPEN
TEED-1/ TEED-2

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Class-A2 Protections

87G1/87G2 GENERATOR DIFFERENTIAL RELAY

64G1/64G2 STATOR EARTH FAULT (59GN/51GN)
95G1 INTER-TURN FAULT PROTECTION

64F ROTOR EARTHFAULT RELAY

AVR SERIOUS TROUBLE
40GA/40GB FIELD FAILURE
59G1/59G2 GEN OVER VOLTAGE
27G1/27G2 GEN UNDERVOLTAGE

98G1/98G2 POLE SLIP PROTECTION

46G1/46G2 NEGATIVE PHASE SEQUENCE
50GDM INADVERT ENERGIZATION PROTECTION

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Class-B protections

32G1/32G2 37G1/37G2 LOW FORWARD/REVERSE POWER WITH STOP VALVE

TURBINE TRIP FROM GRP

GT WTI/OTI
GT COOLER SUPPLY CHANGEOVER FAILURE
GT MORE THAN TWO COOLER FAIL

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Class-C protection Class-D
protection Click to edit Master title style

81G1/G2 UNDER FREQUENCY RELAY Unit Aux. Transformer

WTI/OTI

In Either of Class C and Class D protection generator tripping is not required.

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NTPC Generator to edit Master
Earthing title style
Practice

Major points of consideration

Fault current level
Transient recovery voltage
VT fuse co-ordination
Unit Aux. transformer current clipping
Mal-function for Generator transformer secondary faults
Harmonic and zero sequence current in generator system
Switching surge equipment’s rating
Rate of recovery of voltage dip

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 Click phase
Protection: Stator to editto
Master
phasetitle style
faults

Gen Differential Protection: 87G

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Protection: 95% to edit
Stator Master
Earth title style
faults

Zero Sequence NGR voltage : 64G1 (59G with or without 51N)

Single line to Ground

fault Time constant of
generator approx. 0.8
to 1.1 s

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 ClickStator
Protection: 100% to editEarth
Master title style
faults

Voltage injection through neutral ground transformer: 64G2

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Protection: 100% to editEarth
Master title style
faults continued

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Protection: 100% to editEarth
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faults continued

Rf=1000Ohms

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Protection: 100% to editEarth
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faults continued

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Protection: 100% to editEarth
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faults continued

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 ClickStator
Protection: 100% to editEarth
Master title style
faults continued

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 ClickStator
Protection: 100% to editEarth
Master title style
faults continued

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 ClickStator
Protection: 100% to editEarth
Master title style
faults continued

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Protection: 100% to editEarth
Master title style
faults continued

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 Click Interturn
Protection: Stator to edit Master
Faulttitle style
Zero Sequence unbalance over voltage: 95G1

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 Click Interturn
Protection: Stator to edit Master
Faulttitlecontinued
style

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 Click Earth
Protections: Rotor to editFaults
Master title style

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 Click Earth
Protections: Rotor to editFaults
Master title style
continued

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