CHINA AND GLOBAL POWER TRANSITION: IT’S

IMPLICATIONS AND OPPORTUNITIES

SUBMITTED TO:

PROF. DR. AMIR AHMED KHUHRO

SUBMITTED BY:
ASAD ALI
(PhD. Research Scholar)
Session: 2017-2020
Registration No. IR-17-357
 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
• China has proved wrong the preposition that development is only
possible through Western values and liberal economy.

• The rise in economic, hard and soft power will expand the global
interests, ambitions and global reach of China.

• It is evident that China believes in the continuation of the present

economic order but it also seems uncomfortable.

• China desires to bring reforms in the current economic order along

with the effectiveness of the global institutions and implementations of
the laws of these institutions.
• Aspreviously experienced and most of the realist theorists have
concluded that during the global power shift there are turbulent
episodes take place.

• The uneven distribution of political, economic and military

power among the major contenders or groups may increase the
probability of war and world peace is well preserved when there
is an even distribution of power between or amongst more than
single powers.
(AFK Organski)
• Itis perceived that the rise of China is peaceful and that China’s
rise brings equal opportunities for other countries.

• However, the future intentions of the rising China as global power

are seem ambiguous.

• Thecontemporary global power is not only transforming because of

the seemingly dissatisfied rising non-Western countries but also
because of the array of certain rising Western nations and for sure
they desire a specific influence in the areas of their interests.
 …CONTINUED CHAPTER 1

The first chapter or the Introduction chapter is included of

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
HYPOTHESIS
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
LITERATURE REVIEW
AND ORGANIZATION OF THE STUDY.
 CHAPTER 2: THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

THIS SECTION IS COMPRISED OF THE THEORETICAL

FRAMEWORK WHERE CERTAIN THEORIES WILL BE
DISCUSSED.
POWER TRANSITION THEORY:
• The power transition theory elaborates the international
system in a manner that is different from, and also rejects the
assumptions presented by the realists viewpoint about the
international system.
 CONTINUED…. POWER TRANSITION THEORY
• This theory explains the structure of the international
system is not anarchical and is similar in hierarchy to
the governing body of a domestic political system.

• Each state adjusts itself in that international order

according to its power and proclaims specific
influence, competes and cooperates with other nations
for gaining of resources.
[Organski and Kugler, Jacek. (1958)].
 CHAPTER 3: THE RISE OF CHINA AND RISING
REGIONAL GEO-STRATEGIC COMPETITION
• South
Asian region is characterized by the versatile
nation state system with having greater economic
prospects and has a unique rank in the world.

• TheUnited States and China are not only the sheer

competitors across the globe but are also the major
contenders of the South Asian geostrategic, political,
economic, and other significant affairs.
CONTINUED

• Their intensifying interests in the region is not only

due to the emerging global security architecture but
also because of the geostrategic significance of South
Asian region.
• The presence of the other major regional powers like
Pakistan and India etc. also amplify the geographical
prominence and the US-China interest in South Asia
put it in the forefront.
• During the Cold War era, the United States had
adopted the strategy to contain the communist China
and its rise in the region.

• In spite of the U.S. containment policy, China has

achieved a desirous economic strength, political
reputation and strategic objectives in the region and
is now the rising global power after the United States.
• In the wake of the growing influence of China in South
Asia, the United States is seemingly seeking to strengthen
its relations with certain allies to counter China’s rise, for
the purpose India is comparatively larger market for the
United States and is a potential powerful regional ally to
counterbalance China.

• On the other hand China is investing in Pakistan through

BRI and New Silk Road to boost its relationships with its
staunch ally.
ASIA AS THE IMMINENT ECONOMIC POWER
IMPACTING GLOBAL ORDER

• The Asian region was colonised and governed by the Europe

for about two centuries and for another hundred years the
region was strategically dominated by the United States.

• Former US Secretary, Hillary Clinton stated that it is quite

distinct that the future strategic and economic centre of
gravity of the world will be the Asia Pacific region from the
Indian continent to the American shores.
CONTINUED

• The contemporary economic build-up of the Asian countries

has contributed to the global economic rise and at the same
time it turned the power in her favour.

• Currently the Asian region has economically overwhelmed

the United States including other western economic powers
that make available a global influence to Asia.
 CHAPTER 4: AN ASSESMENT OF THE
FUTURE INTENTIONS OF CHINA: T­­HE
DRAGON IS NO LONGER ASLEEP BUT
WILL IT REMAIN PEACEFUL?
 THE RISE OF CHINA AND THE CURRENT
GLOBAL ECONOMIC ORDER

• The miracle of the China’s rise from a closed and isolated economy
rejuvenated because of benefiting from the current liberal economic
order.

• China has put millions people out of the poverty and has raised their
living standards including to improve their health care,
environmental conditions and other social wellbeing.
• The huge but cheaper labour force that flooded from the
country side to the urban areas has provided China to
swiftly and successfully build and run its factories and this
might be the key to success in the future as well.

• China seems to overcome certain social, environmental,

health care and corruption issues in order to improve the
living conditions of the people.
CONTINUED
• Incorporating in the globalization, China has
immensely benefiting itself to rise its economy with
an astonishing rate.

• Interdependence and good relations with the regional

and global countries have provided China with
opportunities to aid in its economic rise, China must
avoid any misadventures in future with its economic
associates.
 CHAPTER 5:
MULTIPOLAR WORLD ORDER:
THE ROLE OF CHINA, PROSPECTS
AND IMPLICATIONS
 THE IMPROVEMENTS CHINA DESIRES IN
THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD ORDER
• China has the leverage to influence the global matters
because of its rising economy and mounting military
clout.

• To have more global prestige, China is constraining

the United Nations to support the interests of the
Western powers’ club.
(Chin, 2009).
• In the current Pandemic, China reportedly
manipulated WHO in its favour.

• China believes in promoting peaceful coexistence

through non-interference in the internal affairs of
the other countries. In order to peacefully resolve
the global issue and not to interfere in the internal
affairs.
• The United States has preserved its status in the
contemporary order by economic supremacy, military
might and political pre-eminence. While China desires
the world order to be based on the primary principles
of absolute sovereignty and non-interference.

• China desires to promote peaceful coexistence, and

encourages other states to pursue their national
interests, and to maintain global peace and stability
through non-interference
(Chin, 2009).
• So far, China is willingly cooperating with the
fundamental principles of the contemporary global
order, however, this does not represent the eagerness
of China not to redesign the current global order.

• China is determent to promote non-interference and

encourages peaceful coexistence, thus China seems
dissatisfied with the United States’ dominance being a
super power to exploit the global organizations in
pursuit of its own interests
 THE PROSPECTS OF A NEW COLD WAR
• The rising economy of China has raised in its leverage in the global
institutions and in its international influence. The current rising
global status of China has postured challenges for the United States’
global and regional interests.

• There exist a distrust between the two countries which increases in

their apprehensions.

• China seems to rebalance the United States in the region because of

the growing modern military muscle. Both the United States and
China are vulnerable of each
 CHINA AND THE MULTIPOLAR
WORLD ORDER
• China is the most apparent power amongst all the rising
power to challenge the United States’ led unipolar moment.

• To confront the United States will be to a certain extent

unwise for rising China.

• Sooner or later China will put its efforts to restructure the

existing global order as China does not seem to adjust with in
this system.
• The near future will witness strategic hostilities
between the United States and China because of the
rapid rising economic growth in China’s economy.

• If the United States and China engage in dominating

each other, will bring the consequences of direct
hostility between them.
(Mearsheimer, 2005)
CHAPTER6:

THE EFFECTS OF COVID-19 AND THE

CURRENT TRADE WARS BETWEEN
THE UNITED STATES AND CHINA
• THE EFFECTS OF THE CURRENT GLOBAL
PANDEMIC (COVID-19) WILL BE
HIGHLIGHTED IN THIS SECTION, ANNEXED
BY THE FOLLOWING TOPICS

• Global economic stagnation

• Trade war between the United States and China
• US-China relation (during and after the pandemic)
• COVID-19 and Global Power Transition
 CHAPTER 7:

THIS SECTION WILL BE COMPRISED OF

CONCLUSION, FINDINGS, SUGGESTIONS

& RECOMMENDATIONS
THANKS

(THE END)