DIGITAL

SWITCHING
 DIGITAL SWITCHING SYSTEMS

AGENDA
1. WHAT IS DIGITAL SWITCHING
2. OUR TLELECOM NETWORK STRUCTURE
3. TECHNOLOGIES IN OUR NETWORK
4. DIFFERENT SWITCHING SYSTEMS
DIGITAL SWITCHING SYSTEMS

SWITCHING
Switching is basically transfer of
information from one point to another
point with some intelligence or control
or
Switching is basically establishing a
temporary path or connection between two
points.
DIGITAL SWITCHING SYSTEMS

MODES OF SWITCHING
TWO MODES OF SWITCHING:
• CIRCUIT SWITCHING
• PACKET SWITCHING
DIGITAL SWITCHING SYSTEMS

CIRCUIT SWITCHING
A CIRCUIT BETWEEN THE CALLING
PARTY AND CALLED PARTY IS SET
UP AND THIS CIRCUIT IS KEPT
RESERVED TILL THE CALL IS
COMPLETED.
DIGITAL SWITCHING SYSTEMS

TIME SWITCHING
Time Switching involves the
interconnection of different- slots
on the incoming and out going
highways by reassigning the
channel sequence.
In other words, a time switch is
basically a time slot changer
DIGITAL SWITCHING SYSTEMS

TIME SWITCHING
Example:
A time slot TSx of an I/C highway can be
connected to a different time slot TSy of
the outgoing highway.
 DIGITAL SWITCHING SYSTEMS

MODES OF TIME SWITCHING

Time Switch can be operated in two modes:

• Output associated control
• Input associated control.
In both the modes of time switching, there
is writing at one point of time and reading
at another point of time.
 DIGITAL SWITCHING SYSTEMS
TIME SWITCHING
Output associated control
32 samples of I/C PCM are written cyclically in
the speech memory locations in order of time
slots of I/C PCM, i.e TS1 is written in location 1,
TS2 is written in location 2, and ….
The contents of speech memory are read on
output PCM in the order specified by control
memory. Each location of control memory is
rigidly associated with the corresponding time
slot of the O/G PCM and contains the address of
the TS of incoming PCM to be connected.
 DIGITAL SWITCHING SYSTEMS

Buffer/speech memory
01 Out going PCM
Income PCM
02
04

TS4 31 TS6
Read Address
00
Time slot 01
Counter 06 Control Connection
4(four ) Address Memory
31
 DIGITAL SWITCHING SYSTEMS
TIME SWITCHING
Input associated control
Here location of control memory is rigidly
associated with the corresponding TS of I/C
PCM and contains the address of the TS of O/G
PCM to be connected.
 DIGITAL SWITCHING SYSTEMS

Buffer/speech memory
01 Out going PCM
Income PCM
02
04

TS4 31 TS6
Read Address
00
Time slot 01
Counter 04 Control Connection
6(six ) Address Memory
31
 DIGITAL SWITCHING SYSTEMS

FEATURE OF TIME SWITCHING

Non Blocking feature
In Time Switch, there are as many memory
locations in the control and speech memories
as there are time slot in the incoming and
outgoing PCM highways.
Or
Corresponding to each time slot in incoming
highway there is a definite memory location
available in the speech and control memories.
 DIGITAL SWITCHING SYSTEMS

Impact of Time Switching

Memory Locations requirements rapidly go up

as a Time Switch expanded consequently
makes it un economical.

Solution?
DIGITAL SWITCHING SYSTEMS

Space Switching:
Though the electronic cross points are not so
expensive, the cost of accessing and
selecting them from external pins in space
switch becomes the limitation as the switch
size increases.

Solution?
 DIGITAL SWITCHING SYSTEMS

Solution is employ a combination of both

types of switches
i.e. combination of both space and time
switch
Example: TST, TSSST.
(TWO DIMENTIONAL SWITCHING)
DIGITAL SWITCHING SYSTEMS

TST NETWORK
Example:
TS4 on HWY0 to the calling party and
TS6 on HWY3 to the called party.
DIGITAL SWITCHING SYSTEMS

TST NETWORK
Step 1 Input Time Stage(IT)
TS4 HWY0 to TSx HWY0
Step 2 Space Stage(S)
TSx HWY0 to TSx HWY3
Step 3 Output Time Stage
TSx HWY3 to TS6 HWY3
 DIGITAL SWITCHING SYSTEMS

I/C PCM I/C Time I/C PCM OG/PCM

Highways Switching Highways Highways
TS4 TSx TS11 TS4
(IT) (OT)
IT-o OT-0
HWYO
IT-1 OT-1
HWY 1
IT-2 OT-2
HWY 3 TS6 TS11 TSx TS6
IT-3 OT-3
HWY 3
Switching Systems in our network
Switching Technologies used in BSNL network

• OCB 283
• EWSD
• 5ESS
• AXE-10
• C- DOT
• E – 10B
Block Schematic of EWSD Exch.

DLU LINES (DLU,V5.2,ISDN PRI) LTG(B)

TRUNKS (CAS/CCS) LTG(C)

CCNC
SN
MB
SYP CP
CCG

OMT PRINTER

MDD MOD
 Trunk Automatic
Exchange (TAX)
1. Lev-I TAX -------In 21 places
2. Lev-II TAX -------In 301 Places
3. These TAX exchanges and local
exchanges are interconnected
in a hierarchical manner
DIGITAL SWITCHING SYSTEMS

PACKET SWITCHING
The information(speech , data etc.) is
divided into packets.
Each packet containing piece of
information also bears source and
destination address.
Comparison of two different
switching technologies
Circuit Switching
 Dedicated communication path between two stations
 Three phases
 Establish
 Transfer
 Disconnect
 Must have switching capacity and channel capacity to
establish connection
 Must have intelligence to work out routing
Circuit Switching - Applications

 Inefficient
 Channel capacity dedicated for duration of
connection
 If no data, the capacity wasted
 Set up (connection) takes time
 Once connected, transfer is transparent
 Developed for voice traffic (phone)
 Packet Switching

 Data transmitted in small packets

 Typically 1000 octets
 Longer messages split into series of packets
 Each packet contains a portion of user data plus
some control info
 Control info
 Routing (addressing) info
 Packets are received, stored briefly (buffered) and past
on to the next node
 Store and forward
 Packet Switching

AND THUS - PACKET

SWITCHING GAVE BIRTH TO
NGN