Chapter 2 Lesson 2

OPERATIONS ON RATIONAL NUMBERS

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

In this lesson, you will:

• Illustrate the properties of real numbers;

• Perform fundamental operations on rational numbers;
• Solve word problems involving rational numbers.
PROPERTIES OF REAL NUMBERS
COMMUTATIVE PROPERTIES

Real numbers are commutative under addition and

multiplication. If a and b are real numbers, then:

Illustration 1
If we interchange the order of the addends, i.e., the sum is still 15

If we interchange the order of the factors, i.e., , the product is still 48.
ASSOCIATIVE PROPERTIES

Real numbers are associative under addition and multiplication. If

a, b, and c are real numbers then:

Illustration 2
We can also do it this way: . Either way, the sum is 12.

We can also do it this way: . Either way, the product is 80.

CLOSURE PROPERTIES

Real numbers are closed under addition, subtraction, and

multiplication.
• When two real numbers are added, the sum is always a
real number.
• When a real number is subtracted from a real number,
the difference is always a real number.
• When two real numbers are multiplied, the product is
always a real number.
IDENTITY PROPERTY OF ADDITION

A unique real number 0, exist such that

,
where a is any real number.
IDENTITY PROPERTY FOR MULTIPLICATION

A unique real number 1, exist such that

,
where a is any real number.
ADDITIVE INVERSE PROPERTY

For every real number a, a unique real number, -a,

exists such that =0
MULTIPLICATIVE INVERSE PROPERTY

For every nonzero real number a, a unique real

number, , exists such that
ZERO PROPERTY OF MULTIPLICATION

For each real number a, .

DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY

For each real number a, b, and c,

CROSS-PRODUCT PROPERTY OF EQUIVALENT
RATIONAL NUMBERS

For each real number a, b, c, and d, where

, if and only if
FUNDAMENTAL LAW OF FRACTIONS

where , , and

This law tells us that the value of a fraction does not

change when the numerator and denominator are both
multiplied or both divided by the same nonzero numbers
FUNDAMENTAL LAW OF FRACTIONS

Illustration 3

72 72∗ 2 144
= =
84 84 ∗2 168
72 72÷ 4 18
= =
84 84 ÷ 4 21
OPERATIONS ON RATIONAL
NUMBERS
ADDING AND SUBTRACTING RATIONAL
NUMBERS
EXAMPLE 1
• Simplify
ADDING AND SUBTRACTING RATIONAL
NUMBERS
EXAMPLE 1
• Simplify
ADDING AND SUBTRACTING RATIONAL
NUMBERS
EXAMPLE 1
• Simplify
MULTIPLYING RATIONAL NUMBERS

EXAMPLE 2
• Simplify
MULTIPLYING RATIONAL NUMBERS

EXAMPLE 2
• Simplify
MULTIPLYING RATIONAL NUMBERS

EXAMPLE 2
• Simplify
DIVIDING RATIONAL NUMBERS

EXAMPLE 3
• Simplify
DIVIDING RATIONAL NUMBERS

EXAMPLE 3
• Simplify
DIVIDING RATIONAL NUMBERS

EXAMPLE 3
• Simplify
THANK YOU
AND
GOD BLESS!