DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL
ENGINEERING
ENVIRONMENT ENGINEERING-I
(6h Semester)
PUMPS
Er. Prachi vasistha (E5263)
AP, CIVIL ENGG DEPTT.
University Institute of Engineering Civil Engineering Department www.cuchd.in
Objectives
1. Pumps
2. Necessity of pumps
3. Types of pumps
4. Characteristics of Pumps.
reference : google image
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Institute of Engineering Department
Engineering SIMRANJIT
DepartmentSINGH(E2164) www.cuchd.in
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Pump
A pump is a device used to move fluids, such as liquids,
gases or slurries. It increases the mechanical energy of
the fluid. The additional energy can be used to
increase -
Velocity (flow rate)
Pressure
Elevation
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Necessity
Pumping stations are often required for pumping of
(1) untreated domestic wastewater,
(2) stormwater runoff,
(3) combined domestic wastewater and stormwater runoff,
(4) sludge at a wastewater treatment plant,
(5) treated domestic wastewater, and
(6) recycling treated water or mixed liquor at treatment plants..
At sewage treatment plant pumping is also required for
removal of grit from grit chamber and pumping may be
required for conveying separated grease and floating solids to
disposal facility.
University Institute of Engineering
University Civil EngineeringCivil
Institute of Engineering Department
Engineering SIMRANJIT
DepartmentSINGH(E2164) www.cuchd.in
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Types of pumps used in sewerage
Following types of pumps are used in the sewerage
system for pumping of sewage, sewage sludge, grit matter,
etc. as per the suitability:
Dynamic pump
a. Radial-flow centrifugal pumps
b. Axial-flow and mixed-flow centrifugal pumps
c. Reciprocating pistons or plunger pumps
.Positive displacement pumps( Rotary pumps and
reciprocating pumps eg diaphragm pump)
f. Pneumatic ejectors
g. Air-lift pumps
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Dynamic Pump
Centrifugal Pumps
These pumps generate high rotational velocities, then convert th
resulting kinetic energy of the liquid to pressure energy.
2 parts: It contains impeller and casing.
Use:
1.Centrifugal pumps are generally used where high flow rates
and moderate head increases are required.
2. Can handle fluids containing suspended solids
University Institute of Engineering
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Institute of Engineering Department
Engineering SIMRANJIT
DepartmentSINGH(E2164) www.cuchd.in
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Centrifugal Pumps
How do they work?
• Liquid forced into
impeller
• Vanes pass
kinetic energy to
liquid: liquid
rotates and leaves
impeller
• Volute casing
converts kinetic
energy into
pressure energy
reference : google image
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Centrifugal Pump
Volute
reference : google image Diffuser
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Open Semi-Open Closed
Vanes
Centrifugal Pump
reference : google image
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Radial flow centrifugal pump
A radial flow pump is a centrifugal pump where the
fluid being pumped is discharged radially, i.e. at right
angles to the pump shaft
These pumps have low specific speed up to 4200.
Reference text book water supply: S.K.GARG
University
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Mixed flow centrifugal pump
The specific speed of the pump varies from 4200 to 9000.
These are used for medium heads ranging from 8 m to 15 m.
Reference text book water supply: S.K.GARG
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University Civil EngineeringCivil
Institute of Engineering Department
Engineering SIMRANJIT
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axial flow centrifugal pumps
In axial flow centrifugal pumps the rotor is a
propeller. Fluid flows parallel to the axis
These are used for pumping large sewage flow, more
than 2000 m3 /h and head up to 9.0 m. These pumps
have relatively high specific speed of 8000 – 16000.
reference : google image
University Institute of Engineering
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Institute of Engineering Department
Engineering SIMRANJIT
DepartmentSINGH(E2164) www.cuchd.in
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Positive Displacement Pump
Positive Displacement pumps apply pressure directly to
the liquid by a reciprocating piston, or by rotating
members.
Uses:
1.can handle shear sensitive liquid.
2.Use for high pressure application
3.Use for variable viscosity applications.
Types-
Reciprocating pump
Rotary pump
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Reciprocating Pump
In Reciprocating pumps, the chamber is a stationary
cylinder that contains a piston or plunger.
Types-
Piston Pump
Plunger Pump
Diaphragm Pump
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Piston Pump
D USE=
1.transmission of fluids or
gases under pressure.
A 2.Power consumption is low.
3.Ensure maximum safety.
C
B
Piston Pump (double acting
reference : google image
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Plunger pump
1.Have high efficiency.
2.Capable of developing very
high pressures.
3.Low and easy maintenance
Plunger pump (single acting)
reference : google image
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Diaphragm Pump
1.flexible diaphragm is used
(rubber, thermo-plastic,
metal).
2. Can be used to make
artificial hearts.
3. Can handle highly viscous
liquids.
4.Can handle toxic or
corrosive liquids.
5. 97% efficient.
Diaphragm Pump (single acting)
reference : google image
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of Engineering Civil EngineeringCivil Engineering SIMRANJIT
Department DepartmentSINGH(E2164)
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Rotary Pump
In Rotary pumps, the chamber moves from inlet to discharge an
back to the inlet. A wide variety of rotary pumps are available
like
gear pumps, lobe pumps, screw pumps, cam pumps, vane pump
Most popular: gear pumps
Relatively constant output
Types-
Single Rotor
Multiple Rotor
reference : google image
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Delivery
Drive Gear
Driven Gear
Inlet Cam
Gear Pump
reference : google image
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Air pumps
These pumps include pneumatic ejectors and airlifts.
In pneumatic ejector wastewater flows into a receive
pot and an air pressure system then blows the liquid t
a treatment process at a higher elevation
Reference text book water supply: S.K.GA
University Institute of Engineering
University Civil EngineeringCivil
Institute of Engineering Department
Engineering SIMRANJIT
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Pump Head
Head: The term head is used to measure the kinetic energy created by the pump.
.Different Types of Pump Head
Total Static Head - Total head when the pump is not running
Total Dynamic Head (Total System Head) - Total head when the
pump is running
Static Suction Head - Head on the suction side, with pump off, if the
head is higher than the pump impeller
Static Suction Lift - Head on the suction side, with pump off, if the
head is lower than the pump impeller
Static Discharge Head - Head on discharge side of pump with the
pump off
Dynamic Suction Head/Lift - Head on suction side of pump with
pump on
Dynamic Discharge Head - Head on discharge side of pump with
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pump
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on
of Engineering Civil EngineeringCivil
Institute of Engineering Department
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Pump Head
Total Static
Head Delivery
Head
+ve
Static -ve
Suction
Head reference : google image
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Suction Head
Pumps do not SUCK.
It is not possible to PULL a fluid
A pump simply lowers the pressure at its inlet and the
fluid is pushed in
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Institute of Engineering Department
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Suction Head
Static
Head
Providing the Static Head is less
Ambient than the Ambient Pressure Head
Pressure then the pump can (theoretically)
lower the pressure sufficiently for
the fluid to enter
Pressure Head at pump = Ambient Pressure Head ± Static Head
The Static Head is Positive if the level of the fluid is above the
reference : google image
pump
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Suction Head
Static Friction Head
Head
When the fluid is in motion
Ambient further losses occur due to
Pressure friction, obstructions, in the
pipeline and fittings
Pressure Head at pump =
Ambient Pressure Head ± Static Head – Friction Head
reference : google image
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Institute of Engineering Department
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Net Positive Suction Head
The pump has a NPSH requirement in order to prevent
cavitation damage occurring and causing severe damage.
The NPSH increases with flow due to pump internal losses -
friction, impeller losses etc.
University Institute of Engineering
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Institute of Engineering Department
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DepartmentSINGH(E2164) www.cuchd.in
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Net Positive Suction Head
The requirement is that:
NPSHA NPSH
Otherwise (if NPSHA < NPSHpump), the pressure at the pump
inlet will drop to that of the vapor pressure of the fluid being
moved and the fluid will boil.
The resulting gas bubbles will collapse inside the pump as the
pressure rises again. These implosions occur at the impeller and
can lead to pump damage and decreased efficiency.
Cavitation
University Institute of Engineering Civil Engineering Department www.cuchd.in
OUTCOMES
The students would come to know the following :
1.The types of Pumps.
2. Necessity of pumps.
3. Various parts of pumps.
FAQ’S
1. Different type of pumps are used in water supply?
2. Which water requirements are considered when arriving at the capacity of storage
reservoirs in a water distribution system?
3. Enumerate different points you will need to consider while selecting a pump.
4. What is the purpose of a motor associated with a centrifugal pump?
5. Water supply in high rise buildings?
6. Water carriage system in hilly terrain and in plain terrain. explain?
University Institute of Engineering Civil Engineering Department www.cuchd.in
REFRENCES
>> BOOK- S.K GARG
>> Relevant BIS Codes.
>> BOOK- P.N MODI
>> WWW.WIKIPEDIA.COM
>>www.nptel.ac.in
University Institute of Engineering Civil Engineering Department www.cuchd.in
Thanks
Queries are welcome
University Institute of Engineering Civil Engineering Department SIMRANJIT SINGH(E2164)
University Institute of Engineering Civil Engineering Department www.cuchd.in
