DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS

AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Galgotia's college of Engineering and Technology, Gr. Noida(U.P.)

Wearable textile multiband antenna for WBAN applications using

CMA

Group No. - 15
Under the Mentorship of PRESENTED BY:
Dr. Kuldeep Singh Abhinav Pratap Shahi - 2000970310006
Abhishek Tripathi - 2000970310007
Associate Professor Devansh Gupta - 2000970310063
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
• Introduction

• Motivation

• Objective

• Literature Review

• Methodology

• Work done till now

• Plan of Action

• References
 INTRODUCTION

• Antennas with full ground planes are preferred for WBAN due to their ability to preserve
radiation performance near the human body [1].
• They minimize on-body degradation causesd by lossy dielectric loading and improve
broadside radiation while reducing back radiation.
• However, these antennas often have a narrow operation bandwidth. Characteristics mod
analysis (CMA) is used to improve the bandwidth [2].
• CMA can provide insight into the physical phenomena of an antenna of arbitrary shape and
thus facilitate the analysis [3], synthesis and optimization of antennas [4].
• The FCC's introduction of UWB technologies prompted research efforts to increase
antenna bandwidth[5].
• Most existing antennas with full ground planes are designed for specific UWB or
multiband operation, but there is limited work combining both.
 INTRODUCTION
• A textile-based antenna with full ground plane covering WLAN bands, IEEE UWB high band, and WBAN
requirements is proposed [6], offering improved isolation, smaller size, directional radiation pattern, and
higher operating gain and efficiency.
• Although the proposed antenna achieved UWB operation with a full ground plane, the use of multiple
bandwidth enhancement techniques resulted in an asymmetric radiator with relatively large antenna size [7].
• A much smaller antenna was presented in [8] also using parasitic patch elements but radiating with
monopole-like omnidirectional patterns.
• The full ground plane enables to preserve the radiation performance when placed in close proximity of the
human body [10].
• With the convergence of wireless application toward multifunctional operation within one system, it is
desirable to have a single antenna with multiband operation [12].
 MOTIVATION

• WBANs enable real-time health monitoring, disease management, and emergency

response systems.

• A wearable textile multiband antenna enables seamless integration and compatibility

with diverse wireless standards.

• It paves the way for the commercialization of innovative products, fostering

technological advancements and improving healthcare outcomes.
 OBJECTIVE

• To design the proposed antenna using CMA to achieve multi-band response at 2.45 GHz, 3.4
GHz and 5.8GHz frequencies for industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) applications.

• To design the antenna flexible in nature for wearable applications with low SAR value.
Review of Literature
S. No. REFERENCE FINDINGS LIMITATIONS

Design of a broadband • Introduction of a new broadband textile-based PIFA • Lack of detailed on-body
1. all-textile slotted PIFA antenna for Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) efficiency metrics.
[1]. applications.
• Limited discussion of real-
• Designed to be directly integrated into clothing, world deployment
enhancing wearability. considerations.

• Demonstrated satisfactory immunity to detuning

when placed on the body, especially on the back.
S. No. REFERENCE FINDINGS LIMITATIONS

Compact half diamond • Novel dual-band textile antenna for on-body - Limited to specific frequency
2. dual-band textile HMSIW performance in the 2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz ISM bands (2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz).
on-body antenna [2]. bands.

• Uses brass eyelets and a combination of textile

materials for a compact and flexible design.

• Incorporates miniaturization techniques with

shorting vias and slots.
S. No. REFERENCE FINDINGS LIMITATIONS

Antennas and • Specialized fields like emergency services, - Complex and dynamic
3. Propagation for Body- military, and medical support use body-centric channel characteristics.
Centric communication.
Wireless - Limited communication range
Communications[3]. • Research focuses on antennas, propagation, and and potential signal attenuation.
optimizing communication for wearable and
implantable devices.

• Advanced antenna design and internal body

channel modeling are key research areas.
S. No. REFERENCE FINDINGS LIMITATIONS

UWB all-textile • A fully textile microstrip antenna with Ultra - Size and Form Factor:
4. antenna with full ground Wideband (UWB) characteristics is designed for Potential limitations in size and
plane for off-body Wireless Body Area Networks (WBAN). flexibility of textile antennas.
WBAN
communications[4]. • The antenna operates within the entire UWB
frequency band and includes a full textile shielding
ground plane.

• The full ground plane is essential for maintaining

the antenna's performance when worn on the body,
effectively reducing on-body performance
degradation.
S. No. REFERENCE FINDINGS LIMITATIONS

Wideband wearable • A wideband, low-profile, and semi-flexible antenna - Limited to the 2.4 GHz
5. antenna for biomedical designed for wearable biomedical telemetry frequency range.
telemetry applications is presented.
applications[5]. - Bending tolerance may have
• The antenna is made from semi-flexible material some limits.
(RT/duroid 5880) and has dimensions of 17 mm x
25 mm x 0.787 mm.

• The proposed antenna maintains high gain (2.50

dBi at 2.4 GHz) and efficiency (93% at 2.4 GHz).
S. No. REFERENCE FINDINGS LIMITATIONS

Wearable • An electromagnetic bandgap (EBG)-inspired low- - Specific to a certain frequency

6. textile EBG-inspired profile wideband textile antenna is presented, range.
bandwidth-enhanced designed to enhance impedance bandwidth.
patch antenna[6]. - Some fabrication and
• By partially surrounding a standard textile patch integration complexity.
antenna with mushroom EBG cells, the 10 dB
impedance bandwidth is significantly increased. - May have limitations under
extreme bending.
• The design differs from conventional EBG
implementations by having the patch antenna
coplanar with a single quasi-ring of coplanar EBG
cells.
S. No. REFERENCE FINDINGS LIMITATIONS

Design studies • The antenna maintains stable radiation patterns for - Limited suitability for
7. of ultra-wideband almost all frequencies within the operational band. applications with strict size
microstrip antennas with constraints.
a small capacitive feed • The antenna maintains stable radiation patterns for
[7]. almost all frequencies within the operational band.
- Potential complexity in
fabrication, especially when
• Experimental results align with the simulated adapting for different frequency
findings, validating the design's performance. bands.
S. No. REFERENCES FINDINGS LIMITATIONS

Coplanar capacitively • Impedance bandwidth of 35.9% (S11 <-6dB). - Limited to a specific

8. coupled frequency range.
probe fed microstrip • Good radiation patterns and high gain of
antennas for wideband approximately 8dB within the operational band. - Sensitive to environmental
applications [8]. changes.
• Measured antenna characteristics closely match
simulated results in the desired frequency range. - Size and form factor
constraints.
S. No. REFERENCE FINDINGS LIMITATIONS

A conformal • The antenna design features concentric rings and - Monopole-like radiation
9. ultrawideband antenna rectangular slots to achieve a wide bandwidth. patterns may not be ideal for all
with monopolelike UWB applications
radiation patterns[9]. • Monopole-like radiation patterns are maintained
across the UWB frequency range. - Conformability might be
restricted in extremely tight or
• Fabricated using flexible materials for enhanced irregularly shaped spaces.
conformability.
S. No. REFERENCE FINDINGS LIMITATIONS

UWB wearable • A new UWB antenna for wearables (3.7 to 10.3 - Limited frequency band
10. antenna with a full GHz) is introduced. coverage (3.7 to 10.3 GHz).
ground plane based on
PDMS-embedded • Compact design (80 mm × 67 mm) with a - Specific to wearable
conductive microstrip structure. applications, not suitable for
Fabric[10]. other use cases.
• Utilizes conductive fabric in a PDMS polymer for
flexibility.

• The antenna is the first to combine a full ground

plane with high tolerance for harsh wearable
conditions.
S. No REFERENCES FINDINGS LIMITATIONS

Compact microstrip- • The research presents a compact UWB antenna - Limited to UWB applications
11. based for wireless body area networks (WBAN). in the context of WBAN.
textile antenna for
802.15.6 WBAN-UWB - The antenna's performance in
with full ground • It's the most compact textile UWB antenna with a highly dynamic environments is
plane[11]. full ground plane. not explored.

• Uses cost-effective commercial textiles for easy

fabrication.

• Operates safely near the human body, complying

with SAR regulations.
S. No. REFERENCES FINDINGS LIMITATIONS

Dual-band dual-mode • A dual-band antenna for off- and on-body - Limited to dual-band
12. textile antenna on PDMS communication in the 2.45 and 5.8 GHz ISM communication in the 2.45 and
substrate for body-centric bands is introduced 5.8 GHz ISM bands.
communications[12].
• Achieves patch-like radiation for off-body links
and monopole-like radiation for on-body links
using circular patch antenna modes.

• Simple structure with a single radiator and basic

feed.

• Realized with silver fabric on a flexible PDMS

substrate for wearables.
S. No. REFERENCES FINDINGS LIMITATIONS

Quad-band CPW-fed • A low-profile monopole antenna is designed for - Durability and long-term
13. monopole antenna based GPS L2, Bluetooth, WiMAX, and WLAN reliability may require further
on flexible pentangle-loop frequency bands. investigation, especially when
radiator[13]. integrated into wireless systems.
• Uses an improved pentangle-loop radiator and
higher order modes to keep the antenna small.

• Symmetrical V-shaped parasitic radiators and a

modified ground plane enhance impedance
matching.
S. No. REFERENCES FINDINGS LIMITATIONS

A conformal band-notched • A low-profile UWB antenna with monopole-like - Limited to UWB applications.
14. ultrawideband radiation and band-notched features.
antenna with monopole- - The antenna’s
like radiation • Achieves an ultra-wide bandwidth from 3.8 to performance in dynamic
characteristics[14]. 8.3 GHz with a single rejection band. environments is not explored.

• Maintains monopole-like radiation

characteristics across its operating bandwidth.

• Very low profile (0.046λo at 3.8 GHz) and

highly flexible due to PDMS-conductive fabric
composite technology.
S. No. REFERENCES FINDINGS LIMITATIONS

Design of compact • A compact multiband antenna covers 2.45 GHz - Limited to specific frequency
15. hexagonal (ISM), 3.3 GHz (5G), and 5.8 GHz (ISM) bands (2.45 GHz, 3.3 GHz, and
shaped multiband frequency bands. 5.8 GHz).
antenna for wearable and
tumor detection • Uses a hexagonal radiator with modified CSRR - Performance in dynamic and
applications[15]. and cross-shaped stubs for triple-band operation. complex wireless environments
is not explored.
• Improved bandwidth and impedance matching
with the stubs.

• Effective for biomedical applications, including

cancer detection on a human breast model.
S. No. REFERENCES FINDINGS LIMITATIONS

Triple-band • A reconfigurable monopolar antenna with triple- - Lack of practical

16. reconfigurable low-profile band tuning capability is presented. implementation details.
monopolar antenna
with independent • Varactor-loaded stubs are used for - Limited discussion on
tunability[16]. reconfigurability instead of vias. scalability beyond three bands.

• The antenna exhibits independent tunable

frequencies and omnidirectional radiation within
the specified bands.
STATUS OF THE WORK
ANTENNA DESIGN

TOP VIEW REAR VIEW

S PARAMETER
DESCRIPTION

 The substrate used is PF4-foam with relative permittivity ε r = 1.06

and loss tangent is 0.0001.
 The dimension of substrate is 80 x 70 mm along with the thickness of
3.2 mm.
 On the above substrate, we can design a patch of PEC with thickness
of 0.035.
 REFERENCE
S
[1] P. J. Soh, G. A. E. Vandenbosch, S. L. Ooi, and N. H. M. Rais, “Design of a broadband all-textile slotted PIFA,” IEEE
Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 60, no. 1, pp. 379–384, Jan. 2012.
[2] S. Agneessens and H. Rogier, “Compact half diamond dual-band textile HMSIW on-body antenna,” IEEE Trans. Antennas
Propag., vol. 62, no. 5, pp. 2374–2381, May 2014.
[3] P. S. Hall and Y. Hao, Antennas and Propagation for Body-Centric Wireless Communications, Norwood, MA,
USA: Artech House, 2012.
[4] P. B. Samal, P. J. Soh, and G. A. E. Vandenbosch, “UWB all-textile antenna with full ground plane for off-body
WBAN communications,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 62, no. 1, pp. 102–108, Jan. 2014.
[5] A. Smida, A. Iqbal, A. J. Alazemi, M. I. Waly, R. Ghayoula, and S. Kim, “Wideband wearable antenna for
biomedical telemetry applications,” IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 15687–15694, 2020.Petkovic, M. I., Ansari, I. S.,
Djordjevic, G. T., & Qaraqe, K. A. (2019).
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antenna,” IET Microw., Antennas Propag., vol. 14, no. 15, pp. 2011–2019, Dec. 2020.
 REFERENCES

[7] V. G. Kasabegoudar, D. S. Upadhyay, and K. J. Vinoy, “Design studies of ultra-wideband microstrip antennas with a small
capacitive feed,” Int. J. Antennas Propag., vol. 2007, pp. 1–8, Oct. 2007.
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with monopolelike radiation patterns,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 68, no. 8, pp. 6383–6388, Aug. 2020.
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embedded conductive fabric,” IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett., vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 493–496, Mar. 2018.
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 REFERENCES CONTD.

[12] R. B. V. Simorangkir, Y. Yang, L. Matekovits, and K. P. Esselle, “Dual-band dual-mode textile antenna on PDMS
substrate for bodycentric communications,” IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett., vol. 16, pp. 677–680, 2017.
[13] H. Liu, P. Wen, S. Zhu, B. Ren, X. Guan, and H. Yu, “Quad-band CPWfed monopole antenna based on flexible
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THANK YOU!