Cell

Fundamental living unit of any

organism that exhibit the basic
characteristic of life.
 Two types of cell
• Eukaryotic cell
• Prokaryotic cell
 Eukaryotic Cell
• Contain membrane bound organelles
• With true nucleus containing DNA.
• With cell wall that provide rigidity, shape and
protection
• Cell wall contain cellulose, pectin, chitin and
mineral salts.
• Energy is produced with in the mitochondria.
 Prokaryotic Cell
• Exhibits all the characteristic of life
• No true nucleus or a complex system of
membranes and membrane bound organelles.
• Bacterial cell wall are more complex, containing
peptidoglycan or sometimes
lipopolysaccharides.
• 10x smaller than eukaryotic cells
• Reproduction is by binary fission
• Energy came from cell wall.
 Difference between Eukaryotic and
Prokaryotic cell
Features Prokaryotic Organism Eukaryotic Organism
Nucleus Absent Present
Membrane bound ed Absent Present
organelles
Chromosomes Single chromosomes Chromosomes appear in
pairs
Cell division Divides by fission Divides by mitosis
Flagella Simple flagella Complex flagella
Ribosomes Small ribosomes Larger ribosomes
Cytoskeleton Absent Present
Cellulose Absent Present in cell wall
cytoplasm Not separated from the Separated from nucleus
nucleus
 Microbial Ecology
• is the study of the numerous
interrelationships between microorganisms
and the world around them.
• how microbes interact with organisms other
than microbes, and how microbes interact
with the non living world around them.
 Symbiosis
• Defined as the living together or close
association of two dissimilar organism.
(usually two dissimilar species)
SYMBIONTS- the organism that live in a
symbiotic relationship.
 Symbiotic relationship
• Mutualism-Is a symbiotic relationship that is
beneficial to both symbionts
• Commensalism- A symbiotic relationship that
is beneficial to one symbionts and is of no
consequence to the other.
HOST- is define as a living organism that
harbors another living organism.
• Parasitism- is a symbiotic relationship that is
beneficial to one symbiont (the parasite) and
detrimental to the other symbiont (the host).
• Synergism- two or more microorganism may
team up to produce a disease neither could
cause by itself.
 Indigenous microflora of Humans
• Refers on the past as normal microflora
• It includes all the mirobes such as bacteria,
fungi, protozoa, and viruses that reside on or
with in the person
 Areas of the body where most indigenous
microflora reside
• Skin
• Mouth
• Eyes
• Upper respiratory tract
• Gastrointestinal tract
• Genitourinary tract
 Beneficial and harmful roles of indigenous
microflora
• Microbes provides constant source of irritants
and antigens to stimulate the immune system.
• Enhance body’s protection against microbes.
 Microbial antagonism
• Microbes against microbes.
• Adverse effect that some microbes have on
other microbes
• Production of antibodies and bacteriocins.