Chapter 1: Introduction

Presented by

Md. Feroz Ali

Assistant Professor
Dept. Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EEE)
Pabna University of Science and Technology (PUST)
Book Reference

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 Power Electronics and Linear Electronics
Power electronics may be defined as the applications of solid-state
electronics for the control and conversion of electric power.
Power Electronics Linear Electronics

Power electronics devices operate in Linear electronics devices operate in

the switching mode.
Power electronics deals with high
voltage as well as large power.
Power electronics devices have high
efficiency.
the active mode.
Linear electronics deals with low
voltage as well as low power.
Linear electronics devices have low
efficiency.

In power electronics no heat sink is In linear electronics heat sink is

required. required.

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 Various Types of Power Semiconductor Devices
The various types of power semiconductor devices can be divided
broadly into five types:
(1) power diodes
(2) thyristors
(3) power bipolar junction transistors (BJTs)
(4) power metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors
(MOSFETs)
(5) insulated-gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) and static induction
transistors (SITs).

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 Various Types of Thyristors
The thyristors can be sub-divided into eleven types:
(a) forced-commutated thyristor
(b) line-commutated thyristor
(c) gate-turn-off thyristor (GTO)
(d) reverse-conducting thyristor (RCT)
(e) static induction thyristor (SITH)
(f) gate-assisted turn-off thyristor (GATT)
(g) light-activated silicon-controlled rectifier (LASCR)
(h) MOS turn-off (MTO) thyristor
(i) emitter turn-off (ETO) thyristor
(j) integrated gate-commutated thyristor (IGCT)
(k) MOS-controlled thyristors (MCTs).

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 Various Types of Power Diodes
Power diodes are of three types. Such as-
(i) General Purpose diode
(ii) High Speed or Fast recovery diode
(iii) Schottky diode

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 Blocking Mode of a Diode
If the cathode voltage of a diode is higher than its anode voltage the
diode is said to be in blocking mode.

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 Conditions for a Thyristor to Conduct
Two conditions-
(i) A forward bias
(ii) A positive pulse to the gate of the thyristor.

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 How can a conducting thyristor be turned off?
The thyristor can be turned off by reverse biasing the SCR or by using
active or passive components.

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 What is line commutation?
The commutation in which thyristors are turned off due to sinusoidal
nature of the input voltage is called line commutation.

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 What is forced commutation?
The commutation in which thyristors are turned off by an extra circuit
is called forced commutation.
Class A (Self commutated by a resonating load) is one of frequently
used thyristor commutation techniques. If thyristor is triggered or
turned on, then anode current will flow by charging capacitor C with
dot as positive. The second order under-damped circuit is formed by
the inductor or AC resistor, capacitor and resistor. If the current builds
up through SCR and completes the half cycle, then the inductor
current will flow through the SCR in the reverse direction which will
turn off thyristor.

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 What is commutation circuit?
Force commutated thyristors are turned off by an extra circuit, this
circuit is known as commutation circuit.

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Characteristics and symbols of some power diodes

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Characteristics and symbols of some power diodes

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Characteristics and symbols of some power diodes

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 Difference between thyristor (SCR) and TRIAC
Thyristor (SCR)
SCR stands for silicon controlled
rectifier.
The SCR is unidirectional device.
It available in large ratings.
The SCR control DC power.
The SCR can be triggered by positive
gate voltage only.
The SCR conduct current in one
direction only.
It needs two heat sink.
TRIAC
TRIAC stands for triode for alternating
current.
The TRIAC is bidirectional device.
It available in smaller ratings.
The TRIAC control DC as well as AC
power.
The TRIAC can be triggered either by
positive or negative gate voltage.
The TRIAC conduct current in both the
directions.
It needs only one heat sink.
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 Difference between BJT and IGBT
1. BJT is a current driven device, whereas IGBT is driven by the gate
voltage
2. Terminals of IGBT are known as emitter, collector and gate, whereas
BJT is made of emitter, collector and base.
3. IGBTs are better in power handling than BJT
4. IGBT can be considered as a combination of BJT and a FET (Field
Effect Transistor)

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 Power semiconductor switching devices
The power semiconductor switching devices can be classified on the
basis of:
1. Uncontrolled turn on and off (e.g., diode)
2. Controlled turn on and uncontrolled turn off (e.g., SCR)
3. Controlled turn-on and -off characteristics (e.g., BJT, MOSFET,
GTO, SITH, IGBT, SIT, MCT)
4. Continuous gate signal requirement (BJT, MOSFET, IGBT, SIT)
5. Pulse gate requirement (e.g., SCR, GTO, MCT)
6. Bipolar voltage-withstanding capability (SCR, GTO)
7. Unipolar voltage-withstanding capability (BJT, MOSFET, GTO,
IGBT, MCT)
8. Bidirectional current capability (TRIAC, RCT)
9. Unidirectional current capability (SCR G'TO, BJT, MOSFET, MCT,
IGBT, SITH, SIT, diode).
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Some control characteristics of switching devices

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Some control characteristics of switching devices

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Some control characteristics of switching devices

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Some control characteristics of switching devices

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 Types of Power Electronic Circuits
The power electronics circuits can be classified into six types:
1. Diode rectifiers
2. AC-DC converters (controlled rectifiers)
3. AC-AC converters (ac voltage controllers)
4. DC-DC converters (dc choppers)
5. DC-AC converters (inverters)
6. Static switches

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Diode Rectifiers

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AC-DC converters (Controlled Rectifiers)

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AC-AC converters (ac voltage controllers)

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DC-DC converters (dc choppers)

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DC-AC converters (inverters)

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Static switches

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 Design of Power Electronics Equipment
The design of a power electronics equipment can be divided into four
parts:
1. Design of power circuits
2. Protection of power devices
3. Determination of control strategy
4. Design of logic and gating circuits

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Generalized Power Converter System

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 Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS)

Details: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4ARw94Vrnmo

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Thanks a lot

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