CHAPTER 4

EM Spectrum & Light

Before anything else, what are Electromagnetic
Waves?

Electromagnetic waves are transverse waves produced by the

motion of electrically charged particles (photons) carrying energy
and moving in the speed of light. They do not need a medium to
travel so they can travel through a vacuum, with a speed of 300
000 km/sec.
Electromagnetic Waves
 Electromagnetic Waves

Based on their energies, the radio waves have the

lowest energy, followed by microwaves, infrared,
visible light, ultraviolet, x-rays, and the highest
energy. gamma rays. They radiate from these
particles so; they are often called radiation. Infrared
radiation is longer than red and is invisible to human
eye but you can feel it as heat.
 Electromagnetic Waves

• Photon - a tiny particle or bundle of electromagnetic radiation.

• Wavelength - is the distance between identical points (adjacent
crests) in the adjacent cycles of a waveform signal propagated in
space or along a wire.
• Frequency - expresses the number of cycles of the repetitive
waveform per second.
Frequency unit: Hz (Hertz)
Electromagnetic Waves
ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM

THE SPECTRUM— in order

• Radiowaves - have the longest wavelength in the spectrum.

• Microwaves – has high frequency waves used in telecommution.
• Infrared - cannot be seen, but can be felt by the form of heat.
• Visible Lights - the part of the spectrum visible to humans.
• Ultraviolet(UV) - produced by high-temperature surfaces such as the sun. extreme exposure to UV may cause
skin cancer.
• X-ray - waves that can be used to see through the human body in which can detect the structure of the bones.
• Gamma rays -have the shortest wavelength and have the highest frequency among other waves in the
spectrum. can be used for medical purposes as it can kill some types of cancer.
Visible Light

• Sir Isaac Newton conducted an experiment in

which he used a prism to discover the visible
lights from the white light (sunlight).
• The visible lights were dispersed from the
sunlight using the prism, therefore means that the
white light is a band of different lights of the
spectrum.
• All together, they make up white light. White
light dispersed from the prism= visible light.
EM SPECTRUM

Visible Lights

• This is the portion of the EM spectrum that is visible to the naked eye.
• We see the light waves as the different colors of the rainbow.
• Red has the longest wavelength and violet is the shortest.
VISIBLE LIGHTS AND COLORS

Color, Matter, Reflectance, Spectral

Signatures Spectral signature is the
variation of reflectance or
emittance of a material with
respect to wavelengths.

Absorption lines are patterns of dark lines of the visible light

spectrum from the sun. They provide clues to hidden properties
of objects in the universe. Elements found in the sun's
atmosphere absorb certain colors of light. These absorption
lines act like finger prints for atoms and molecules.
VISUAL REPRESENTATION

Spectral Signatures
COLORS

Hierarchy of Colors in Relation to its Energy

 Effects of Light in a Medium

Reflection - the bouncing back of light.

Refraction - the bending of light.
Diffraction - the spreading of waves or lights
when passing through an object.
 REPORTED BY:
Alan Matthew M. De Guzman
Ziyan Klaude R. Miral
8- Intergrity