2023/2024

Mobile and sensor networks

Section (1)
What is a communications system,
give examples?
What is a communications system
with examples?
 Communications system is the process of Transmitting Information
from a Source to a Destination. Example of typical communication
systems:

o Wire-line telephone,
o TV broadcasting system,
o Satellite communications,
o Cellular phone.
Draw the integration between 2G & 3G in
radio network only
Draw the integration between 2G & 3G in
radio network only
Draw the Enhanced Packet Core (EPC)
only in 4G mobile communications.
Draw the Enhanced Packet Core (EPC) only
in 4G mobile communications.
In 2G Mobile communication, explain the
difference between HLR and VLR
 In 2G Mobile communication, explain the
difference between HLR and VLR
HLR
• A database used for storage and management of
subscriptions.
• it stores a subscriber's service profile, location
information, and activity status.
VLR
• Visitor Location Register is a temporary
information about subscribers that is
needed by the MSC in order to service
visiting subscribers.
• If the mobile station makes a call, the VLR
will have the information needed for call
setup without having to interrogate the
HLR each time
In 4G Mobile communication, explain the
difference between EPC and MME
 In 4G Mobile communication, explain the
difference between EPC and MME
EPC MME
• mobility management, authentication, quality • handles all of the signaling exchanges between
of service, routing upload and download the UEs and the EPC, as well as those between
IP packets, IP address allocation, and more. the eNodeBs and the EPC.
• The EPC has a “flat” IP architecture that allows • connects to the eNodeB and performs
the network to handle a great amount of data authentication.
traffic in an efficient and cost-effective manner.
• It connects to the HSS and requests the
authentication information for the
subscriber trying to connect to the network.
Draw the 2G GSM Architecture
Draw the 2G GSM Architecture
True or False
1. The Base Station Controller (BSC) is used in 4G mobile communications.
2. In 4G, the MME handles all of the signaling exchanges between the UEs and eNodeBs.
3. The ad hoc networks must have pre-existing (fixed) infrastructure.
4. In 2G Mobile communications, The HSS a central database that contains user-related and subscription-related
information.
5. In 4G Mobile communications, The FSS a central database that contains user-related and subscription-related
information.
6. Visitor Location Register (VLR) is a temporary information about subscribers that is needed by the MSC in order to
service visiting subscribers.
7. The ad hoc networks have no pre-existing (fixed) infrastructure, and the network architecture is configurable
8. In 4G, the EPC handles all of the signaling exchanges between the UEs and eNodeBs.
9. The HSS a central database that contains user-related and subscription-related information.
True or False
1. The Base Station Controller (BSC) is used in 4G mobile communications. False
2. In 4G, the MME handles all of the signaling exchanges between the UEs and eNodeBs. True
3. The ad hoc networks must have pre-existing (fixed) infrastructure. False
4. In 2G Mobile communications, The HSS a central database that contains user-related and subscription-related
information. False
5. In 4G Mobile communications, The FSS a central database that contains user-related and subscription-related
information. False
6. Visitor Location Register (VLR) is a temporary information about subscribers that is needed by the MSC in order to
service visiting subscribers. True
7. The ad hoc networks have no pre-existing (fixed) infrastructure, and the network architecture is configurable True
8. In 4G, the EPC handles all the signaling exchanges between the UEs and eNodeBs. False
9. The HSS a central database that contains user-related and subscription-related information. True