Design and fabrication of Vertical Axis

Wind Mill
Guided by: Prof. A. A. Khot

Presented by:
Gaikar Siddhi Sanjay
Gund Vijayeedutt Balkrishna
Nalawade Sumit Chandrakant
Mali Ganraj Ashok
1. Abstract:

● Our project focuses on Designing and Fabricating a

Vertical Axis Wind Turbine.
● We have selected Savonious type of VAWT for our
project.
● Sufficient wind energy potential is available in the world.
In order to make best use of it, efficient design of wind
turbine are needed to be developed.
2. Introduction:
● Wind energy is the kinetic energy associated with movement of large
masses of air.
● Wind turbines converts
Mechanical
Wind Energy Electric energy
energy

● Types:
1. Horizontal axis wind turbine.
2. Vertical axis wind turbine.
Vertical axis wind The axis of rotation is perpendicular to
turbine (VAWT): the air stream.
Main components:
1. Rotor shaft.
2. Blades.
Types of Rotors:
3. Savonious rotor.
4. Darrieus rotor.
5. H-Rotor.
3. Literature survey:

3.1. Survey of existing system:

Author Title Major findings
B H Khan Non-conventional energy ● Estimation of wind. energy at
Resources (Third edition). the site.
● Components of VAWT.
● Types of Rotor.
Peter Achieng Design and fabrication of ● Designing a VAWT.
Ronald Odongo VAWT ● Major components.
Javier Castillo Small-scale Vertical Axis ● Design parameters.
Wind Turbine Design
 3.2. Problem statement:
● Designing and manufacturing a wind turbine having Vertical axis and
Savonious type rotor to convert the usable wind energy into electric
energy.

3.3. Scope of the system:

● A clean, cheap and eco-friendly renewable energy source can be used for
power generation.
● Can be used besides a railway routes, highways to utilise the wind
generated by the movement of trains and vehicles.
 Wind energy

4. General workflow:
Dynamo

Storage unit

Inverter

Load
utilization
5. Cad Design of Blade
5. Cad Design of Frame
 6. Wind turbine design parameters:
a. Swept area.
b. Power.
c. Tip speed ratio.
d. Solidity
e. Chord.
f. Number of blades.
a. Swept area:
The swept area is the section of air that encloses the turbine in its movement. It
is calculated by :
S = 2×RL
S - swept area (m²); R - rotor radius(m); L - blade length (m)
b. Power in Wind

If, u is the speed of wind, the volume of air column passing through an area A
per unit time is given by Au. ρ is the density of air, the air mass flow rate,
through area A, is given as, ρAu.
The power P available in the wind, is equal to kinetic energy rate associated
with the mass of moving air.

P= ½ ×( ρAu)×u²
P= 0.5×ρAu³
 c. Tip speed ratio:
It is defined as the ratio between the tangential speed at the blade tip and the actual
wind speed.
TSR = tangential speed at the blade tip / actual wind speed
TSR = (Rω)/V
R : rotor radius (m); ω - angular speed(rad/s); V - ambient wind speed
d. Solidity:
It is defined as the ratio of the projected area of the rotor blades on the rotor plane
to the swept area of the rotor.
Solidity = (nC)/πD
n : no. of blades; C - average breadth of a blade; D - diameter of the rotor.
e. Chord:
Width of the blade or distance from one edge of the blade to other.
f. Number of blades:
The number of blades has a direct effect in the smoothness of rotor operation.

TSR is related to number of blades in rotor. TSR increases as the no. of blades
decreases.
Power output observations
Wind Speed(m/s) Voltage(V) Current(Amps)

5 1.32 5.28

5.83 1.96 7.84

6.66 2.51 10.04

10. Summary:

● VWAT offers economically viable energy solution for remote areas.

● Finalization of this topic.

● Completing the literature survey for the selected topic.
● Gathering all the required data.
 11. References:
● B H Khan, McGraw Hill Education, “Non-Conventional Energy
Resources”, Third Edition.
● Peter Achieng,Ronald Odongo, “Design and Fabrication of Vertical Axis
Wind Turbine”.
● Javier Castillo, “ Small- scale Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Design”