Spatial Data

FERNANDEZ & TIPACTIPAC

 What is Spatial Data?
noun • [spay-shull day-ta] • data which is representative of a
specific, geographic location on the surface of the Earth.
What are the key components of spatial
data?
The elements include an overview describing the purpose and
usage, as well as specific quality elements reporting on the
lineage, positional accuracy, attribute accuracy, temporal
accuracy, logical consistency and completeness.
WHAT ARE THE 5 CONCEPTS OF SPATIAL
ANALYSIS?
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UNDERSTANDING YOUR PREPARING DATA CHOOSING SUITABLE

GOAL TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES

4 5

PERFORMING ESTIMATING RESULTS

THE RESEARCH
WHAT IS THE IMPORTANCE OF SPATIAL DATA
IN DEVELOPMENT PLANNING?
One of the reasons why GIS is important in urban planning is the ability to better understand
current needs for a city and design to fulfill those needs. By processing geospatial data from
satellite imaging, aerial photography and remote sensors, users gain a detailed perspective on
landandinfrastructure.
Vector
Vector data is best described as graphical r
epresentations of the real world. There are t
hree main types of vector data: points, lines
, and polygons. Connecting points create li
nes, and connecting lines that create an enc
losed area create polygons.
Raster
Raster data is data that is presented in a gri
d of pixels. Each pixel within a raster has a
value, whether it be a colour or unit of mea
surement, to communicate information abo
ut the element in question. Rasters typicall
y refer to imagery.
ATTRIBUTES
Spatial data contains more information than just a location on the surface of the Earth. Any
additional information, or non-spatial data, that describes a feature is referred to as an attribute.
Spatial data can have any amount of additional attributes accompanying information about
the location. For example, you might have a map displaying buildings within a city’s
downtownregion.
GEOGRAPHIC COORDINATE SYSTEM
ToidentifyexactlocationsonthesurfaceoftheEarth,ageographic coordinatesystem isused.

Normally, an x and y-axis are used in mathematical systems, but in geography, the axes are referred to as
lines of latitude (horizontal lines that run east-west) and longitude (vertical lines that run north-south). Each
axis represents the angle at which that line is oriented with respect to the center of the Earth, and so the units
aremeasuredindegrees(°)
 Using Spatial Data for
Graphics
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This image is using the projection This imag is projected using This image is projected using
UTM83-10 which is the standard CANBC-Poly resulting in a LLWGS-84 and is distorted in
projection used for displaying the slightly rotated version of first shape.
City of Vancouver image.
Maps can also be used to present what are typically non-visual
elements of society.
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shows the locations where graffiti
has been identified by city
custodians in the City of
Vancouver.
uses the same point location data, but displays the used the original point location
information as a choropleth map. City region dataset to create a heat map.
boundaries are highlighted in different colours to
describe the density or amount of graffiti taking
place within these neighbourhoods.
CHEERS!
FERNANDEZ & TIPACTIPAC

BS ARCHITECTURE 4