FOUNDATIONS

PRESENTED BY: C. YOUNG

GRADE 11 ELECTIVE
DATE: NOV 30,2020
WHAT IS A FOUNDATION?

 Foundation, Part of a structural system that supports and anchors the building and

transmits its loads directly to the earth.

 The purpose of the foundation is to adequately transfer the load of a structure to the

suitable ground and to spread building loads over a sufficient area of soil to avoid

undue settlement, particularly unequal settlement.

FOUNDATIONS SHOULD MEET THE
FOLLOWING REQUIRMENTS;

 Building loads must be supported and transmitted to the ground,

 They must be of such depth or be so constructed as to avoid damage by

shrinkage of the subsoil.

 They must be capable of resisting chemicals in the subsoil

FOUNDATION LOADS
FOUNDATION LOADS
Foundations are susceptible to the following loads:

 Dead Loads: The constant or permanent load

that rests on a structure. This the weights of the
structure and anything attached to the structure.
 FOUNDATION LOADS

 Live Loads/ superimposed loads: These are the weights

of the people, furniture and machines that will occupy the

building after completion

 FOUNDATION LOADS
 Wind Loads : The term 'Wind Load' is used to refer to any pressures or

forces that the wind exerts on a building or structure.These are the pressures

on the walls and roof from the wind.

CONDITIONS THAT AFFECT
FOUNDATIONS
 CONDITIONS THAT AFFECT
FOUNDATIONS
You should consider the following conditions when you choose the correct type of
foundation;

 The load-bearing capability of the ground;

 The depth where you find suitable load-bearing soil;

 The distance from tree which can affect the stability of the soil;

 The level of the water table;

 The normal variation in the water table;

 The total weight of the building.

FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE
CHIOCE OF FOUNDATIONS
 FACTORS AFFECTING THE CHOICE
OF FOUNDATION
Different types of foundations are designed for different buildings
depending on
 Nature of the soil (Soil Type) on which the building is to be erected.
 The type of building
 The nature of the load the soil is expected to carry.
 Load bearing capacity of the soil
 FACTORS AFFECTING THE CHOICE
OF FOUNDATION

EXAMPLES

 A factory in which heavy duty operations would be carried out will require a

particular type of foundation. Where as a single family home on the same type of

soil would require a different foundation.

 A soft clayey soil would require a different type of foundation from a rocky soil
TYPES OF FOUNDATIONS
The types of foundations used are as follows:

 Strip Foundation

 Deep Strip Foundation

 Raft Foundation

 Piled Foundation

 Pad Foundation

 Stepped Foundation
Strip Foundation
This is the most frequently used foundat