Legal Ethical and

sociatal issues in media

and information
Objectives
HISTORY OF COOPERATIVES
 Cooperative Development
-operation is not modern-day invention.
It is as old as mankind itself.
 Pre-Spanish Period
-Not much is known about formal cooperatives in the
early history of the Philippines. What is known,
however, it that the dialect terms of cooperation or
cooperative undertaking pre-dated the arrival of the
Spaniards.
 Spanish Colonial Period

-Spain was still feudal at the time that

capitalism was laying to waste the
vestiges of feudalism in England.
 American Colonial Period
-The Americans were well acquainted with European
types of cooperatives. As mentioned earlier, Benjamin
Franklin organized in the United Stated, as early as the
middle of the 18th century, a cooperative insurance
that is still operating today.
 Japanese Colonial Period
-During the short-lived Japanese occupation,
another attempt was made to revive the
cooperative movement as a means of helping
the masses.
 Commonwealth Period
-Cooperative organizing or strengthening reached a
feverish phase after the war; through the supervision of
the Emergency Control Administration (ECA),
cooperatives were tapped primarily for the distribution
of relief goods.

-Commonwealth Act No. 713 revived the National

Cooperative Administration (NCA). Cooperatives were
registered as fast as they came without proper
orientation of members.
 Post-Independence Period
-The devastation wrought by the war upon
the economy imposed untold economic
hardship on the population.
-The situation gave rise to social discontent
and eventual strengthening of dissidence
among certain guerilla factions that fough
the Japanese during the war.
NATIONAL POLICY ON
COOPERATIVES
 Self-reliance

-Cooperatives have an equity component

in them. For people who have not gone to
higher education, the cooperative is the
best vehicle to foster ethical business
education towards equity.
 Economic Development and Social Justice

- Successful cooperatives no doubt are economic

indicators of development. Atmosphere that is
Conducive to Co-op Growth and Development.
- It is the duty of the state to promote an
environment that is conducive to the development and
growth of cooperatives. Tax exemption for new and
budding cooperatives help create an environment
favorable to the formation of cooperatives.
COOPERATIVE AS A BUSINESS FORM

-In any business school, the student soon learns

that the three most popular forms of business ownership
are the sole proprietorship, the partnership, and the
corporation. Very seldom do schools and universities
teach students about cooperatives.