The CE current gain with Load Resistor, R L:

gb’c

B rbb’ B’ C

+ + +
Cc IL
Vbe gb’e Ce Vb’e gce RL Vce
gmVb’e
- - -
E E

Figure: The hybrid- circuit for a single transistor with a resistive load
RL

1
The CE current gain with Load, RL:
 By applying the Miller’s theorem

B rbb’ B’ C

rb 'c Cc rb 'c K K
Cc
1  K  1  K  K  1 K  1
rb’e Ce RL
gmVb’e

E E
Figure: Simplified hybrid-Π model for a single transistor with a resistive
load, RL.

2
The CE current gain with Load, RL:

V0
Where, Amplifier Gain, K 
Vb 'e
Where VO   g m Vb 'e RL
 K   g m RL
Assume RL  2 K and g m  50mA / V
we get K   100

3
Hybrid-π Parameter Values
 At room temperature and IC=1.3mA

Parameter Value
gm 50 mA/V
rbb' 100 Ω
rb'e 1 KΩ
rb'c 4 MΩ
rce 80 KΩ
Cc or Cb'c 3 pF
Ce or Cb'e 100 pF
4
The CE current gain with Load, RL:
Input Circuit:
rb 'c 4 M
  40 K
1  K 1  ( 100)
As Ce and C are
rb 'e rb 'c ( rb 'e  1 K)
but rb 'c  rb 'e in parallel, the
rb 'e rb 'c  rb 'e load equivalent
Ce Cc /(1  K )
capacitance is
 C e C c  C e  CC
given as
CC also resolved by Miller ' s theorem
1 Ceq  Ce  Cc (1  g m RL )
jwCC 1
 
1 K jwCC (1  g m RL )
CC
  C  CC (1  g m RL )
1 K
5
The CE current gain with Load, RL:
 Approximate equivalent circuit for the calculation of
the short-circuit CE current gain

B rbb’ B’
+
rb’e Ce  Cc (1  g m RL )
Vbe
-
E

6
The CE current gain with Load, RL:
Output Circuit:
At output circuit value of Cc can be calculated as
 K 
Cc    Cc K  100
 K 1 
There are two independent time constants, one associate
with input circuit and one associate with output circuit.
As input capacitance, Ce  Cc (1  g m RL ) is very high in
comparison with output capacitance, Cc . As a result output
time constant is negligible in comparison with the input time
constant and may be ignored.

7
The CE current gain with Load, RL:
 Further simplified hybrid-Π model for a single
transistor with a resistive load, RL in CE configuration.

B rbb’ B’ IC C
+ Ceq  Ce  Cc (1  g m RL ) IL +

Vbe rb’e RL Vce

gmVb’e
- -
E E

8
The CE current gain with Load, RL:
 Approximate equivalent circuit for the calculation of
the short-circuit CE current gain

B IB rbb’ B’ IC C
+ IL +

Vbe Z Vb’e gmVb’e RL Vce

- -
E E
Where Z  rb 'e Ceq
9
The CE current gain with Load, RL:
Where Z  rb 'e Ceq
IL
 Current gain AI  rb 'e  X eq
IB Z 
rb 'e  X eq
Where I L   g mVb 'e
1
Vb 'e  I B Z rb 'e 
jCeq
 gm I B Z 
 AI  1
rb 'e 
IB jCeq
rb 'e
Z 
 AI   g m Z 1  jrb 'eCeq

10
The CE current gain with Load, RL:
rb 'e
 AI   g m Z Z 
1  jrb 'eCeq
rb 'e
 AI   g m 
1  jrb 'eCeq
h fe
but rb 'e   rb 'e  g m  h fe
gm
 h fe
 AI 
1  jrb 'eCeq
 h fe
 AI 
1  j 2frb 'eCeq
11
The CE current gain with Load, RL:
 h fe
 AI 
1  j 2frb 'eCeq
1 1
Let fH  
2rb 'eCeq 2rb 'e Ce  Cc 1  g m RL 
 h fe
 AI 
f
1 j
fH
h fe
 AI 
2
 f 
1   
 fH 
12
The CE current gain with Load, RL:
1. f  f H AI  h fe
2. f  f H AI  h fe 2
AI
3. f  f H AI 
h fe

Current gain
h fe
2
f
fH
Frequency

13