PAIRED SAMPLE T-

TEST
Prepared by:
Juan O. Cruz, Jr. , Ph.D
PAIRED SAMPLE
T-TEST
Is a statistical technique that is used to compare two population means in the
case of two samples that are correlated. It is used in “ before-and after”
studies, or when the samples are the matched paired, or the case in a control
study.
For instance, if a company gives training its employees and the company
wants to know whether or not the training had any impact on the
performance of the employee, the paired sample t test can be applied.
By using the paired sample t test, the company can statistically conclude
whether or not training has improved the performance of the
employees.
ASSUMPTIONS in PAIRED SAMPLE T-TEST

1.Only the matched pair can be used to perform the paired-

sample t test.
2.In the paired sample t-test, normal distributions are assumed .
3.The variances of two samples are homogeneous.
4.The observations must be independent of each other.
 PROCEDURES
1. Set up the hypotheses
Ho:The mean of paired samples are equal
=
H1:The means of two paired samples are not equal
, ,
2. Set the level of significance.
3. Calculate the degrees of freedom (df=n-1) and determine
the critical value of t.
4.Calculate the paired sample test.
EXAMPLE Salesperson Before After
1.The management of 1. 2000 3500
Resale Furniture , a 2 3000 4120
change of second hand 3 2500 3800
furniture stores in Metro 4 3100 4200
Manila, designed an 5 1900 1820
incentive plan for sales 6 1750 1600
people. To evaluate this 7 2300 3400
innovative incentive plan 8 3210 1900
, 10 salespeople were 9 2340 2340
selected at random , and 10 1870 3290
their weekly incomes
before and after the Was there a significant increase in the
incentive plan were typical salesperson’s weekly income due to
the incentive plan?Use the 0.05 significance
recorded. level.
 Solution:
1. State the null hypotheses and identify the claim
Ho:The income after the incentive plan is not greater than before the incentive
plan

H1:The income after the incentive plan is greater than before the incentive pla
,

2. Set the level of significance.

0.05
3. Calculate the degrees of freedom (df=n-1) and determine the critical value of
t.
Df= 10-1=9 and t critical =1.833
 Solution:
4.Compute the t value for paired samples.
Salesperson Before(X After(X D=

1 3500 1500 2 250 000

2 3000 4120 1120 1 254 400
3 2500 3800 1300 1 690 000
4 2000 4200 1100 1 210 000
5 1900 1820 -80 6400
6 1750 1600 -150 22 500
7 2300 3400 1100 1 210 000
8 3210 1900 -1310 1 716 100
9 2340 2340 0 0
10 1870 3290 1420 2 016 400
6000
 Solution:
4.Compute the t value for paired samples.
Salesperson Before(X After(X D=

1 2000 3500 1500 2 250 000

2 3000 4120 1120 1 254 400
3 2500 3800 1300 1 629 000
4 3100 4200 1100 1 210 000
5 1900 1820 -80 6 400
6 1750 1600 -150 22 500
7 2300 3400 1100 1 210 000
8 3210 1900 -1310 1 716 100
9 2340 2340 0 0
10 1870 3290 1420 2 106 400
 Determine the mean of the difference
==

Determine the standard deviation of the difference

= = = =929.50

Determine the test value

t==2.041
Step 5: Decision Rule

Since the computed t value of 2.041 is in the rejection region, the

decision is to reject the null hypothesis.

Step 6. Conclusion.
Since , we reject the we can conclude that there is enough
evidence to support the claim that the income after the
incentive plan is greater than before the incentive plan
1.As an aid for improving
employees working habits, eight
Employees Before After
employees were randomly
1. 10 9
selected to attend a seminar-
2 12 14
workshop on the importance of
3 8 11
work. The table shows the
4 7 12
numbers of workload done per
5 11 15
week before ad after the seminar-
6 10 13
workshop. At 0.05, did attending
7 13 12
the seminar-workshop increase
8 9 14
the performance level of
employees.