Ho Chi Minh City

University of Technology and Education

INTRODUCTION TO AUTOMOTIVE
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC
SYSTEMS

Do Van Dung, Ass. Prof. PhD

Faculty of Vehicle Engineering
Email: dodzung@hcmute.edu.vn
Mobile: 0903644706
 Learning materials
1. Automobile electrical and electronic systems. Tom Denton
2. Understanding automotive electronics. W. Ribbens
3. Điện động cơ và điều khiển động cơ. Đỗ Văn Dũng
4. Điện thân xe và điều khiển tự động ô tô. Đỗ Văn Dũng
 Video clips to watch
1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K3XnoASQqpY&t=41s
2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1XPThU0yrgk
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=soKK76KwHB4
4. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L7C1rVzI7kE
5. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hAjM9Gk63M4
6. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tsA7UFP21ZQ
7. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OGa_b26eK2c
8. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bETb6A2a8tc&t=129s
9. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ERC9c_EQdZs
10. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UAeKTlieYhw
11. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n594CkrP6xE
12. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GHhcyH99inE
13. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h3FsEV49CvM
14. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UTgc44iqd1c
AUTOMOTIVE ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS
AUTOMOTIVE ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS
AUTOMOTIVE ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS
 VOLTAGES
• Nominal voltages: 12/14V; 24/28V
• Dual voltage: 12/24V
• Multi-voltage: 5, 7, 8,12,14, 24…
• High voltage impulses: 100-500V
• Ignition secondary voltage: 20-40kV
• DC & AC
• Battery’s voltages for EV: 200-800V
 OHM LAW

• I=U/R I
• U=I x R
• R=U/I R

U
EXTENDED OHM LAW FOR POTENTIOMETER

U1= U/(1+ R2/R1)

U2=U/(1+R1/R2)
+
I
U1 R1
U
U2 R2

-
 CASE STUDY

• Voltage supply check

• Using potentiometer as
voltage source
• Example with ECT sensor’s
circuit
COMPONENTS OF A CIRCUIT
SERIAL CIRCUITS
VOLTAGE DROPS IN A SERIES CIRCUITS
PARALLEL CIRCUITS
WIRING DIAGRAM
Wiring Diagram
ELECTRICAL SYMBOLS
FUSE BOX
FUSE BOX
HEAVY DUTY FUSE COLOR CODES
FUSE COLOR CODES
 SWITCHES
A switch is a device to interrupt the current flow in a circuit. Switch
can make or break an electrical circuit. They are: Mechanical (NO,
NC…) & Electronic (Diode, Transistor, Thyristor…)

Types of mechanical switches: Single Pole Single Throw Switch

(SPST), Single Pole Double Throw Switch (SPDT), Double Pole
Single Throw Switch (DPST), and Double Pole Double Throw
Switch (DPDT).
MECHANICAL SWITCHES (SENSORS)

• Push SW
• Pull SW
• Toggle SW
• Limit SW
• Float SW
• Flow SW
• Pressure SW
• Temperature SW
• Rotary SW
COILS, SOLENOIDS
 RELAYS
Relays are used throughout the automobile. Relays
which come in assorted sizes, ratings, and
applications, are used as remote control switches
Relay layout
RELAYS
TYPES OF RELAY
 MOTORS IN CAR

RADIATOR
FAN MOTOR STARTER MOTOR

A/C BLOWER FUEL PUMP POWER WINDOW

MOTOR MOTOR MOTOR
 SINGLE WIRE SYSTEM

• Wires & wiring harness

• Connectors
• Single conductor system: advantages
and disadvantages. Earth (ground)
and attention
• Cable calculation by loads and wire
length
• CAN bus
 REQUIREMENTS

• Operating temperature
• Humidity
• Vibration
• High voltage impulse
• Reliability
• Electromagnetic interference
• Electrostatic
TROUBLESHOOTING PROCEDURES
S-S-C-C
Symptom

System Component

Cause
CAR WIRING HARNESS
CAR WIRING HARNESS
CAR WIRING HARNESS
VEHICLE DATA TRANSMISSION
 CAN BUS
https://youtu.be/jnQoR67lIug

Multiple modules are connected to the bus in parallel.

The data transfer rate is 500K bits/sec for high speed
CAN. The signal is broadcast over two communication
wires. These wires are twisted together and are referred
to as CAN High and CAN Low.
VEHICLE DATA TRANSMISSION
VEHICLE DATA TRANSMISSION
 CAN BUS
The engine speed input from the crankshaft
position sensor to the engine ECM is also
required by the Instrument cluster for the
tachometer.
 CAN BUS
Signal Generation
Each module on the network has a CAN controller and a CAN
transceiver on the CAN chip. A transceiver has the ability to both
transmit and receive data. The CAN controller converts data
(binary) sent from the microprocessor and sends it to the CAN
transceiver. The CAN transceiver converts the binary data into a
voltage range and this is the signal voltage observed on the
network.
 CAN BUS

Manufacturers use two 120 Ohm resistors in

parallel.
 CAN NETWORKS
Class C CAN network (500 kBits/second), the comfort Class B CAN
network (250 kBits/second) and the Lin Bus local network (10
kBits/second)
CAN NETWORKS
CAN NETWORKS
CAN NETWORKS
CAN HIGH AND CAN LOW SIGNALS
 CAN IB OBD2

Pin 4: Chassis ground

Pin 5: Signal ground
Pin 6: CAN High (ISO 15765)
Pin 14: CAN Low (ISO 15765)
Pin 16: Constant supply (+12 volts)
Starting system with CAN
CAN NETWORKS FOR EV
 CAPACITOR
Absorb and store an electrical charge and then
release it into the circuit.
Noise suppression— Noise in an audio system
is often caused by AC electrical voltage riding on
top of the DC voltage supplying power to a radio
or tape player.
Spike suppression— A capacitor can absorb
voltage spikes in a circuit.
Timers— A resistor put in series with a capacitor
can keep current flowing in a circuit for a
specified amount of time after power from the
source has been removed.
TYPES OF CAPACITOR
SYPERCAPACITOR (ULTRA-CAPACITOR)
 DIODE
Diodes block current flow in one direction and pass current in
the opposite direction.
This is accomplished by joining a layer of P type material and a
layer of N type material during manufacturing.
 DIODES
Rectification— Since a diode will allow current to
flow in one direction and not the other, it can be used
to turn alternating current into direct current.
OR gate
 DIODES
As the rectifier for alternator

Protection reverse polarity Protection from reverse current

 TRANSISTOR
A transistor can be used as an amplifier to control
electric motor speed such as A/C blower motors, or as
solid state switches to control actuators such as fuel
injectors.
TRANSISTOR (BJT, FET)
 HOMEWORK AND TASK
1- Discussion on how to increase reliability of electrical and
electronic components in Vietnamese climate condition.
2- Main systems’ wiring diagrams with colors of Toyota Camry
(2015-2022)
3- Main systems’ wiring diagrams with colors of Ford
Everest(2015-2022)
4- Main systems’ wiring diagrams with colors of Hyundai Tucson
(2015-2022)
5- Main systems’ wiring diagrams with colors of Honda CRV
(2015-2022)
6- Main systems’ wiring diagrams with colors of Mercedes (any
model) (2015-2022)
7- Main systems’ wiring diagrams with colors of Kia (any model)
(2015-2022)
8- Compare the wire colors between Japanese and European cars
 HOMEWORK AND TASK
9- Advantages and Problems of single wire system
10- Projects: Design and make the voltage converter DC-DC 12V
to 5V, 24V
11- Projects: Design and make the voltage inverter 12V DC –
220V AC
12- Design and analyze a 72V electrical systems
13- Vehicle data transmission
14- Wireless charging for EV battery
15- Vehicle Wireless Energy Transmission
16- Charging car battery with solar energy
17- Vehicle CAN systems
18- Electromagnetic interference
19- Charging levels, voltages of EV batteries
20- Electric motors using in modern cars