Research

Writing
Grade 10
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Research Writing
forGrade 10

CONTENTS
01 Defining Research

02 Sections of a Research Paper

03 Research Topic Selection

 Research Writing
forGrade 10

01 RESEARCH
The What & Whys
Research Subjects in Senior High School
ABM,
GAS, PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1
HUMSS,
STEM,
(Qualitative Research)
TVL

ABM,
GAS, PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2
HUMSS,
STEM,
(Quantitative Research)
TVL

ABM, Work report refers to a comprehensive and systematic general

GAS, INQUIRIES,
inspection and evaluation of the work that has been done in a
HUMSS,
STEM,
INVESTIGATIONS &
certain period of time
TVL IMMERSION

STEM
CAPSTONE PROJECT
What is Research?
Research
• is a systematic process of collecting, analyzing,
and interpreting information (Leedy & Ormrod,
2013)

• creation of new knowledge

• an activity involved in seeking answers to

unanswered questions.
What is Research Design?
• overall plan or structure that guides the
process of conducting research
• a critical component of the research
process and serves as a blueprint for how
a study will be carried out, including the
methods and techniques that will be used
to collect and analyze data
 What’s the plan?

Research Designs

Qualitative Quantitative
• concerned with • numeric and
subjective objective
phenomena • seeking to
• can't be answer questions
numerically like when or
measured where
For Quantitative Study Research Design
Participants are randomly
What’s the plan?
selected. There is an
experimental and a
controlled group where the
Quantitative Research Designs experimental group is
exposed to treatment.

True Experimental
Design
Descriptive Correlational Experimental
Quasi-Experimental
Research primarily Design
Used to investigate concerned with cause Participants are not randomly
selected.
Cross-sectional the direction and and effect
survey design is magnitude of relationships in studies Pre-Experimental
Design
done when data is relationships among that involve
One-group pretest-posttest
collected at a single variables in a manipulation and design provides a
point in time. particular measurement. It comparative description of a
utilizes the method of group of participants before
population. and after the experimental
difference.
treatment.
For Qualitative Study Research Design
What’s the plan?

Qualitative Research Designs

Grounded
Phenomenology Ethnography Historical Case Study
Theory

Involves describe and describe in-

formulation, examine events depth the
Examines Identify culture, of the past to
testing, & experience of
uniqueness of variables for understand the
redevelopment one person,
individual's study, & review present and
of propositions anticipate family, group,
lived situations literature
until a theory is potential future community, or
developed effects institution
Is Research Relatable?

The Effects of Korean Drama on Students

Majority of students who took part in the research do not

consider their fanaticism with Korean drama to have affected
their sleeping patterns. Also, the study shows the same
students are financially responsible and are not even willing
to buy products and franchises relative to this type of
entertainment.
Is Research Relatable?

Social Media Usage and Depression

“The more time young adults use social media, the more
likely they are depressed.”

The 1,787 participants of the study used social media 61

minutes per day and visited various social media accounts 30
times per week. 25 percent of these participants were
classified as having high indicators of depression.
 Research Writing
forGrade 10

02 SECTIONS
Parts of a Research Paper
IMRaD

1 2 3 4
Introduction Methodology Results Discussion
Why did I do What did I do? What did I find? So what?
this study?
INTRODUCTION
Why do this study?

Background of the study Purpose of the study

What do we already know? Why does it matter?
What gap in our knowledge
does this fill?
Review of related literature and
studies
Research Question
What are the studies relevant
to your present study? What do I want to find
out?
INTRODUCTION
Why do this study?

JHS Students’ Social Media Usage and

Their Attention Span in Class
Over the past decade, social media has drastically increased its breadth in terms of the
number of people who use it significantly. In fact, Facebook alone, as of January 2017
has reached a record high of approximately 1,850,000,000 active users as compared to
400 million in 2012 (Smith, 2017). This exponential increase in social media activity has
fueled the interest of various researchers on the effect of social media usage. Social
media are forms of electronic communication devices through which users create online
communities to share information, ideas, personal messages, and other content
(Merriam-Webster, 2017).
INTRODUCTION
Why do this study?

In the Philippines, there is still a limited number of literature that

directly links the use of social media to attention span, especially those
that look into the Senior High School (SHS) students and their ability
to maintain concentration. Furthermore, the international researches
conducted on this topic does not provide evidence that the results
transcend through different cultural backgrounds and age groups. It is
in this light that the purpose of this study to determine whether social
media usage possess any significant relationship with the attention span
of Grade 10 students of Casimiro A. Ynares Sr. Memorial National
High School.
The following samples are taken from one of my works for Swinburne University
of Technology, Melbourne, Australia

Original from source:

My version:

The social and cultural definition of childhood has been a long debate
leading to the development of international treaties and conventions
(Bushati, 2018).
Original version

My version
Schweisfurth (2019) synthesized a number of researches where child-centred
approach did work at all.
If you directly lifted the portion, include page number
where you find the entire statement.
From page 70 of the journal

My version:
Global standards towards childhood often do not take under
consideration cultural components or adapt to local sensibilities, which
produces disaccord and non-desired results (Bushati, 2018 p. 70).
If the statement of a source is coming from another source use the format :
Author( year cited in source, year)

The Source My Version

Ryan (2005 cited in Langford, 2010)
provides a contemporary definition of
child-centred pedagogy stemming to
the ideology that curriculum begins
with the needs and interests of the
child and responds to the different
Statement from the source characteristics of childhood.
INTRODUCTION
Why do this study?

RESEARCH QUESTIONS
This study generally aims to determine if JHS students’ use of social media possess
significant relationship with their attention span in class.

Specifically, this study shall seek answers to the following questions:

1. What is the level of social media usage of Grade 10 students of Casimiro A. Ynares
Sr. Memorial National High School (CAYSMNHS) in terms of:
a. forms of social media?
b. frequency of social media use?
c. mode of social media use?
2. What is the attention span in class of Grade 10 students of CAYSMNHS?
3. Is there a significant relationship between the frequency of social media use and the
attention span of Grade 10 students of CAYSMNHS?
METHODOLOGY
What do I do?

Research Design Respondents (Population or sample)

What sort of study am I Who are in the study?
doing? Who are excluded?

Setting or Locale of the study Research Instrument

Where and when does the What instrument will I use?
study take place?

Statistical Analysis
What statistical treatment will I use?
How do I make sense of these data?
METHODOLOGY
What do I do?

JHS Students’ Social Media Usage and

Their Attention Span in Class
This study is quantitative in nature since the research question we seek to answer lead to
numerical data.
Specifically, the study is correlational as it aims to determine if there is an association
between junior high school students’ use of social media and their attention span in class
and assess whether the degree of association between these variables is significant.
Cristobal & Cristobal (2016) defines correlation research as the research design
employed to investigate the direction and magnitude of relationships among variables in
a particular population.
 Sampling Techniques
Probability Sampling

SIMPLE RANDOM SAMPLING SYSTEMATIC SAMPLING

Drawing randomly from a list of the Taking every kth element in the
population (e.g.: names from a hat, using a population as a sample, where
matrix of random numbers).
 Sampling Techniques
Probability Sampling

STRATIFIED RANDOM SAMPLING CLUSTER SAMPLING

a process in which certain
subgroups, or strata, are selected for the
The selection of groups, or
sample in the same proportion as they exist in clusters, of subjects rather than
the population individuals
 Sampling Techniques
Non-Probability Sampling

QUOTA SAMPLING

CONVENIENCE The number of samples is

SAMPLING decided by the researcher and
selection is also made out of
is selecting a group of availability of the respondent.
individuals who are
conveniently available
for study
METHODOLOGY
What do I do?

The Sample
The target population of the study are the junior high school students during the third
quarter of the academic year, 2022-2023 of Casimiro A. Ynares Sr. Memorial National
High School in Taytay, Rizal. These students belong to three groups of Grade 10,
namely: Special Program in Journalism (SPJ); Pilot, and Regular programs.

With a population size of 500, the researchers will consider a sample of 223
respondents determined using Slovin’s formula for computing sample size with a five
percent margin of error. These samples shall be randomly selected through stratified
random sampling with the JHS programs being used to define groups and SPSS to
randomly determine the samples.
 METHODOLOGY
What do I do?

The Instrument
This study shall make use of two research instruments to provide data on the variables being studied. A
validated questionnaire will be used to determine the respondents’ level of social media use. To measure the
respondents’ attention span in class, the researchers intend to use a mobile application. These instruments are
further described in the succeeding paragraphs.

Social Media Use Questionnaire. The purpose of this questionnaire is to assess the respondents’ level of
social media use in terms of three factors: form of social media use, frequency of use, and mode of use. It was
developed and tested for validity and reliability by Cruz (2012) for his research on the impact of social media
usage on the academic performance of Grade 10 students in the Philippines. Aside from being recent, the
researchers have decided to use the instruments because it has been constructed with the context of Filipino
students in mind.
 METHODOLOGY
What do I do?

Plan for Data Analysis

To answer the questions presented under the Statement of the Problem, the following statistical tools will be
employed:

1. Percentages will be used to present and analyze data regarding the demographic profile of the respondents.

2. Weighted mean will be computed to represent the responses of each respondent to the questionnaire and
their attention span score while standard deviation will be used to determine the degree of variability in these
values. This mean shall be interpreted as follows:

3. The Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient will be used to determine the degree of relationship
between social media use and attention span. The correlation coefficient will be interpreted as follows (Dela
Cruz, 2005)
RESULTS
What did I find?

Describe the sample Outputs

Who were they? What were the results of
my analyses?

Response Rate
How many did I lose?
DISCUSSION
So what?

Findings Conclusion
How does what I found fit into What do I measure?
what we already know?

Strengths and Weaknesses Recommendations

What are the strengths & For practice? For policy? For
limitations of my study? further research?
Parts of a Research Paper (IMRaD)

Introduction Results
• Background of the study • Describe the samples
• Related Literature and studies • Response rate
• Purpose of the Study • Outputs (computation of results)
• Statement of the Problem
Discussion
Methodology
• Findings
• Research Design • Strength and Weaknesses
• Setting or Locale • Conclusions
• Respondents • Recommendations
• Instrument
• Statistical Analysis
Bibliography
 Research Writing
forGrade 10

03 STARTING POINT

SUGGESTED TOPICS
 SUGGESTED
TOPICS
Quantitative Research
1. A Descriptive Study on the Impact of Career Guidance to Grade 10 Students
2. Conceptions of High School Students About Fake News
3. Factors Influencing Grade 10 Students in Senior High School Strand Selection
4. A Descriptive Study of Learning Strategies Among Pilot/SPJ/Regular Students
5. Factors Influencing Stress Among Grade 7/8/9/10 Students
6. A Descriptive Study on Vandalism/Bullying at Casimiro A. Ynares Sr. Memorial National High School
7. Implications of Technology-based Teaching Among Grade 10 Students
8. The Perceived Effects of Sex Education to Selected High School Students
9. The Effect of Online Learning Modality to High School Students During Pandemic
10. The Effect of Modular Learning Modality to High School Students During Pandemic
11. Potential Factors Affecting Learning Among Struggling Students
12. A Descriptive Study on the Problems in Mathematics/Science/English Language Learning Among High
School Students
 SUGGESTED
TOPICS
Qualitative Research
1. An Ethnographic Study of the Learning Practices of Grade 10 (Pilot Students, SPJ, Regular)
2. An Ethnographic Study of Low/High Achieving Students at Casimiro A. Ynares Sr. Memorial National
High School
3. An Ethnographic Study of K-Pop Fanatics at Casimiro A. Ynares Sr. Memorial National High School
4. An Ethnographic Study of Norms of Inclusion Among LGBTQIA Students
5. An Ethnographic Study of Moslem Students at Casimiro A. Ynares Sr. Memorial National High School
6. A Phenomenological Study of High School Students’ Perceptions of Mathematics 10
7. A Phenomenological Study of the Attitudes and Perceptions of High School Students Towards
Remediation Program
8. A Phenomenological Study Examining the Experiences of High School Students During the COVID-19
Pandemic
9. Lived Experience of High School Students in Online Learning Modality
10. Lived Experience of High School Students in Modular Learning Modality
THANK
YOU