Heredity: Inheritance and

Variation

DNA & RNA

Prepared by:
CLARICE ANNE R.
SANTIAGO
Objective
Describe the overall structure of the
DNA molecule
Compare and contrast
deoxyribonucleic acid from ribonucleic
acid
 a naturally occurring
chemical compound
that serves as the
Nucleic Acid primary information-
carrying molecule in
cell and make up
genetic material.
Types of Nucleic Acid

Deoxyribonucle
ic Acid (DNA)
Ribonucleic
Acid (RNA)
Nucleotide
Building block
of DNA and
RNA
 Nucleotide
Building block
of DNA and
RNA

Phosphate group
 Nucleotide
Building block
of DNA and
RNA

5 Carbon Sugar
 Nucleotide
Building block
of DNA and
RNA

Nitrogenous base
Sugars
deoxygenated Sugars
Sugars
Three Main Type of RNA
1. Messenger RNA (mRNA)
2. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
3. Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Three Main Type of RNA
1. Messenger RNA (mRNA)
Carries copies of instructions for the
assembly of amino acids into proteins from
DNA to the rest of the cell (serve as
“messenger”)
2. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
3. Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Three Main Type of RNA
1. Messenger RNA (mRNA)
2. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Makes up the major part of
ribosomes, which is where proteins
are made.
3. Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Three Main Type of RNA
1. Messenger RNA (mRNA)
2. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
3. Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Transfers amino acids to
ribosomes during protein
synthesis
 Proteins
Proteins are made up of
a chain of amino acids.
Proteins are enzymes,
which catalyze and
regulate chemical
reactions.
 2 Steps to Make a Protein
1. Transcription
DNA → RNA
2. Translation
RNA → Protein
(Chain)