Mechanism

of Evolution
MAY G. MAXIMO
Gen Bio 2 Teacher
 1 3

Will all these

population of
trees survive
in the wild?
Why?
 1 3

How can we
improve the trait of
the fox in the
picture? Can the
improved trait
cause change in a
population?
Objective for
the day! Describe and explain
1
artificial selection and
3
natural selection as
mechanisms that produce
change in populations from
generation to generation.
 Finches
possessed
traits to help  Process through
them survive in
their particular which
environment
populations of
living
organisms with
advantageous
traits are more
likely to survive
and reproduce.

Natural Selection
How will
nature select
species that
will continue
grow and Wi l l al l t hes e
fish eggs
survive? Adaptive survive long
traits enough to
reach
adult h o o d f i sh?
• How do
breeders
improve the
traits of the
livestock?

• Does breeding can cause change in

the target species?
Artificial Selection
The process by which Also called Selective

humans intentionally breeding because
Elaborate on what you want to
discuss.
select plants or animals
with desirable traits and humans selects which
the purposely breed those organisms will
organisms to produce reproduce and have
more organisms with offspring.
favorable traits.
 Humans
Add ause mainArtificial
point
Selection toondomesticate
Elaborate what you want to
animals. Wild animals that
discuss.

were tame and able to be

trained were selected to be
domesticated. They were
selective bred to produce
more animals that could be
domesticated
Allele: Variant forms of a gene( e.g. A=for TALL, a= short)

Genotype: The combination of alleles at a locus ( gene) e.g. Aa, AA,

aa

Phenotype: The expression of trait, as a result of the getype and

regulation of genes (green eyes, brown hair, body size, finger length,
cystic fibrosis,etc)

Allele frequency: the fraction of all the gene copies in a population

that a particular allele makes up.

Genotype frequency: the fraction of individuals in that population that

have a particular genotype.
Chance events
that cause allele
Elaborate on what you want to
frequencies to discuss.

fluctuate
unpredictably from
one generation to
the next.
Especially affects Genetic
small populations
Drift
 Elaborate on what you want to
discuss.

Genetic
Allele
frequency
How common
an allele is in a

Drift
population
 Gene Flow/Migration

The transfer of alleles from one population to

another, resulting from the movement of
fertile individuals or their gamete
GeneFlow/
Migration Allele-
one of two or
Genotype-
an organism’s
Phenotype
more alternative
complete set of - observable
forms of a gene characteristics
genetic material
color
Change in the
sequence of
an organism’s
DNA

Mutation
Mutation