TYPES OF

HYPOTHESES
GROUP 2
 WHAT IS HYPOTHESIS?
- a supposition or proposed explanation made on the basis of
limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation.

- assumption

- assertion

- claim
 TYPES OF HYPOTHESIS
 Null Hypothesis  Complex
 Alternative  Associative
Hypothesis Hypothesis
 Directional  Causal Hypothesis
 Non-directional  Statistical Hypothesis
 Simple  Logical Hypothesis
 Null Hypothesis

- It provides a statement which is contrary to the hypothesis. It’s

a negative statement, and there is no relationship between
independent and dependent variables. The symbol is denoted by
“HO”.

ex.
if the expected earnings for the gambling game are truly equal to
zero, then any difference between the average earnings in the
data and zero is due to chance.
Alternative Hypothesis

-is a statement which states some statistical significance between

two phenomena. It is usually denoted by H1 or HA.

ex.
To check the water quality of a river for one year, the researchers are doing the
observation. As per the null hypothesis, there is no change in water quality in
the first half of the year as compared to the second half. But in the alternative
hypothesis, the quality of water is poor in the second half when observed.
Directional

-It shows how a researcher is intellectual and committed to

a particular outcome. The relationship between the variables
can also predict its nature.

ex.
children aged four years eating proper food over a five-year
period are having higher IQ levels than children not having
a proper meal. This shows the effect and direction of the
effect.
Non-directional

-It is used when there is no theory involved. It is a statement

that a relationship exists between two variables, without
predicting the exact nature (direction) of the relationship.

ex.
There is a relationship between caffeine consumption and
reaction time.
Simple

-It shows a relationship between one dependent variable

and a single independent variable.

ex.
If you eat more vegetables, you will lose weight faster.
Complex

-It shows the relationship between two or more dependent

variables and two or more independent variables.

ex.
Higher the poverty, higher the illiteracy in society, higher
will be the rate of crime
Associative Hypothesis

-occurs when there is a change in one variable resulting in a

change in the other variable.

ex.
There is a positive association between physical activity
levels and overall health.
Causal Hypothesis

-the causal hypothesis proposes a cause and effect

interaction between two or more variables.

ex.
Raising gas prices causes an increase in the number of
people who carpool to work.
Statistical Hypothesis

-A statistical hypothesis, sometimes called confirmatory

data analysis, is an assumption about a population
parameter.

ex.
One could claim that the median time to failure from
(acce]erated) electromigration of the chip population.
Logical Hypothesis

-A logical hypothesis is a planned explanation holding

limited evidence.

ex.
Alligators have green scales, therefore dinosaurs closely
related to them most likely had green scales as well.
THE END :)
 MEMBERS:

BECINA, WILMA
ETANG, RAZEL
NADAO, ANNIE JANE
SIM, JAZIEL A.
VALLEJO, RICA