geological

history
The Earth through Time
 Introduction
sedimentary rocks
provide a clear geological record as they are deposited in
layers, with the youngest at the top.
the stratigraphical column
A sequence of sedimentary rocks, with
the oldest rocks on the bottom and the
youngest on top.
breaks in the sequence
fold mountain belts
geosyncline
 Precambrian
Approximately 90% of Earth's history falls under this supereon, from 4.6 billion years ago to 540
million years ago.

Hadean Eon (4.6 Billion Years ago)

The solidification of the earth's continental and oceanic crust

Archean Eon (4 Billion Years ago)

The evolution of earth's first life forms

Proterozoic Eon (2.5 Billion Years ago)

The appearance of multi-celled animals and the
gathering of land masses to form continents
Phanerozoic Eon
 older palaeozoic
Cambrian period ordovician period Silurian period

Lasted for 53 million Lasted for 45 million 443.8 million to 419.2

years ago years ago million years ago
 Continental
drift Caledonides
What is caledonides
The Caledonides were vital in assembling Pangaea,
shaping today's continents through tectonic processes
Oceanic barrier during the Caledonian orogeny. This geological event
significantly impacted Earth's history.

Mountain
Building
(Orogeny)
Newer Palaeozoic
(last around 160 million years)
 mesozoic
Spanning from approximately 252 to 66 million years ago, characterized by significant geological and
biological events. And consists of three major periods: Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous.
mesozoic (252-66 million years ago) Triassic period (252-201 million years
ago)

Jurassic period (201-145 million years

ago)

cretaceous period (145-66 million

years ago)
Newer Palaeozoic
mesozoic
 • A geologic mountain-building event

The Hercynian Orogeny caused by the late Paleozoic

continental collision between
Euramerica and Gondwana to form
the supercontinent.
 Paleogene CENOZOIC Neogene
(66 million to 23 million years ago) 23 million to 2.6 million years ago

Quaternary
2.6 million years ago to the present
 Alpine Orogeny

The Alpine orogeny, also known as the Alpide orogeny, encompasses the
formation of mountain ranges in Central and Southern Europe, as well as West
Asia.
 QUATERNAR
Y
• The Quaternary is the current and most recent of the three
periods of the Cenozoic Era in the geologic time scale of
the International Commission on Stratigraphy. It follows
the Neogene Period and spans from 2.58 million years ago
to the present.
Thank You
For
Listening