ONE HOT DESIGN METHOD,

USE OF ASMs IN ONE HOT

DESIGN METHOD,
APPLICATIONS OF ONE HOT
DESIGN METHOD.

322206540015,
KARUNA.V,
VLSI.
 ONE HOT DESIGN METHOD
• Designing a state machine to have a minimum number of state
variables (hence a minimum number of flip-flops) involves a
considerable effort. Functions often must be mapped and
minimized before the design process can be completed.
Furthermore, for such designs, no direct relation exists between
states of the FSM and the NS and output functions that result.
• An alternative design architecture exists that greatly reduces the
design effort and ends with a direct relationship between the states
of the FSM and the NS and output logic that results. This method
is aptly dubbed the one-hot method for state machine design - a
single "I" per state. But the advantages provided by this method
come at a price: one flip-flop per state each with NS-forming
logic.
These functions are expressed by:
A More Complex Example of the One-Hot Design Method :
• If one were to make one-hot state code assignments for this FSM, the
specific code words would be chosen from the set
{OOOOI. 00010, 00100, 01000, 100oo} in any order. But to do this is an
apparent waste of the designer's time and effort, and can even be
misleading. All that is important to know is that Eqs. (13.10) can be read
directly from either the state diagram or state table without the assistance
of K -maps, and that no specific one-hot state code assignments are
required or even desired. These are the salient features of the one-hot
method that set it apart from the alternative approaches. But, of course, the
advantages afforded by the one-hot method come at the price of an
increased hardware commitment. One potential problem with the one-hot
method for state machine design is the initialization into a one-hot state as
in Fig. J3.24a. To do this requires that the D flip-flops have both preset
(PR) and clear (CL) asynchronous overrides, or that one flip-flop have a
PR override while the other four have CL overrides. However, many MSI
devices, such as storage registers, come with only CL asynchronous
overrides. To overcome this limitation on the use of the one-hot method, a
one-hot-plus-z.ero approach can be used. Now the FSM can be initialized
into the 00000 state with flip-flops having only CL asynchronous overrides
 USE OF ASMs IN ONE HOT DESIGN
• The one-hot method holds some unique advantages over other
approaches to stale machine design. Because there is a direct
relation between each stale of the FSM and the NS and output
functions that result in the one-hot method, a registered PLD
can be programmed directly from the state table, the ASM
chart, or the state diagram. In fact, the ASM chart can be
thought of as a graphical representation of the one-hot NS and
output equations from which the logic circuit is constructed.
 APPLICATIONS OF ONE HOT DESIGN
METHOD
• One-Hot Design of a Parallel- to Serial Adder/Subtractor
Controller:
 ADVANTAGES &DISADVANTAGES
• Advantages:
• Suitable for machine learning: The first, and most important
advantage of one-hot encoding is, it’s working. One hot encoding
is intended to process the categorical data variables so they can be
used in machine learning algorithms to make some better
predictions.
• Convert data into binary values: One-hot is used to convert
each categorical value into a different categorical column, and it
gives a binary value, either 0 or 1, rather than ordinal.
• The simplicity of implementation: This method is simple and
straight to implement. And also, easier to understand than the
other methods.
• It takes less time decoding data: Using one-hot encoding is
known to be a faster way, as it takes less time decoding the data
compared to other methods
• Disadvantages:
• Increases the computational cost: It increases the
computational cost, as during the processing it increases the
number of dimensions.
• Representation of many values is difficult: Also, one more
disadvantage which it has is, that it cannot represent many
values. As an example, for n states, we will need n digits or
flip-flops.
• The possibility of multi: Collinearity is higher- The other
disadvantage of one-hot encoding is that, because of the
dummy variables, the possibility of multicollinearity is much
higher, and that can affect the performance of the model.
• Increase of sparsity: Sparse matrix is those, where the
majority of elements are zero. increase in sparsity can be
another disadvantage of one-hot encoding.
THANK
YOU !