PRINCIPLES OF

ASSESSMENT

Presented by:
Hartono
hartonobi@yahoo.com
1. PRINCIPLES OF ASSESSMENT

 Practicality
 Reliability
 Validity
 Authenticity
 Washback
Practicality:

 Is not excessively expensive

 Stays within appropriate time constraints
 Is relatively easy to administer
 Has a scoring/evaluation procedure that is
specific and time-efficient
Reliability:
 Student-related reliability
(illness, fatigue, anxiety, etc.)
 Rater reliability
(inexperience, inattention, bias, etc.)
 Test-administration reliability
(noises, disturbing views, weather, etc.)
 Test-reliability
(too long time, poorly written test, etc.)
Validity:
 Content validity
(validity related to the content/subject matter)
 Criterion validity
(Validity related to criterion that has been achieved)
 Construct validity
(Validity related to existing theory)
 Face validity
(Validity related to whether the assessment/test looks
right, measures the ability it claims)
Authenticity:

 The language in the test is as natural as

possible
 Items are contextualized rather than
isolated
 Topics are meaningful for learners
 Tasks represent real-world tasks
Washback

The positive impact of the test on the

students’ learning.
2. PRINCIPLES OF TESTING

 Are the test procedures practical?

(Can students complete the test reasonably within
the set time frame?; Is the scoring system feasible
in the teachers’ time frame?)
 Is the test reliable?
(Do objective scoring procedures leave little
debate about correctness of an answer?)
 Does the procedure demonstrate content
validity?
(Are classroom objective identified?; Are lesson
objectives represented in the form of test
specifications?)
 Does the procedure show face validity?
(Are the test directions clear?; Is the structure of the
test organized logically?)
 Are the test tasks authentic?
(Is the language in test natural?; Are items
contextualized rather than isolated?)
 Does the test provide beneficial washback to the
learner?
 Thank you!
Let’s have
discussion.
 Study the sample test carefully. Then, answer
the following questions.
 Are the test procedures practical?
(Can students complete the test reasonably within the set time
frame?; Is the scoring system feasible in the teachers’ time
frame?)
 Is the assessment reliable?
(Do objective scoring procedures leave little debate about
correctness of an answer?)
 Does the procedure demonstrate content validity?
(Are classroom objective identified?; Are lesson objectives
represented in the form of test specifications?)
 Study the sample test carefully. Then,
answer
 Does the following
the procedure questions.
show face validity?
(Are the test directions clear?; Is the structure of th
test organized logically?)
 Are the test tasks authentic?
(Is the language in test natural?; Are items
contextualized rather than isolated?)
 Does the test provide beneficial washback to the
learner?
 Study the sample assessment carefully.
Then, answer the following questions.

 What are the strengths of the assessment?

 What are the weaknesses of the assessment?

 What are your suggestions to improve the quality of the

assessment?