What are

Carbohydrates?

• Carbohydrates are organic compounds

composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
They are the most abundant organic
compounds on Earth and are vital for life.
Found in all plants and animals. Essential for
energy production, cell structure, and cell
signaling.
Monosaccharides

• Monosaccharides are the simplest type of

carbohydrate, consisting of a single sugar
molecule.
• Soluble in water and have a sweet taste.
Structure of
Monosaccharides

• Monosaccharides typically consist of 3-7

carbon atoms. Carbon atoms can be
arranged in a linear or cyclic chain.
Monosaccharides are classified as
aldoses or ketoses based on the
placement of the carbonyl group (C=O)
in the molecule.
 • Common monosaccharides:
Examples of 1. Glucose: The primary source of energy
for cells.
Monosaccharides 2. Fructose: Found in fruits and honey,
used as a sweetener.
3. Galactose: Present in milk, dairy
products, and cell membranes.
 Functions of
Monosaccharides

• Monosaccharides have several vital functions:

1. Energy production: Broken down into glucose for
cellular energy.
2. Cell structure: Building blocks of glycoproteins
and glycolipids in cell membranes.
3. Cell signaling: Involved in intercellular
communication.
 Conclusion
• Carbohydrates are essential for life
and serve various critical functions.
• Monosaccharides are the simplest
type, acting as building blocks for
other carbohydrates.
• They play crucial roles in energy
production, cell structure, and cell
signaling.