The Effectiveness of Musa

acuminata (banana) peels as

Phytoremediating of Cu
(copper) in Wastewater
Rommelyn Dela Cruz John Matthew Nicolas Desiree Eban

GROUP 8
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Too much consumption of copper-containing water can have harmful side

effects:

vomiting

liver damage

renal disease

intestinal hemorrhage

life-threatening illnesses. (Arifiyana, 2021).

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

As the rate of water pollution increases, the demand for cost-

effective water filter became high.

Banana (Musa spp., Musaceae family) is one of the main fruit

crops cultivated for its edible fruits in tropical and subtropical regions .
POTENTIAL OF BANANA PEELS IN
PHYTOREMEDIATION
• It has the elements such as: nitrogen, sulfur, and carboxylic acid.
These acids can bind with metals ( de Castro et al., 2011).

• They are negatively charged so they can attract metals.

RESEARCH PARADIGM
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
The general problem of this study is “Can the powdered (Musa acuminata) Banana peel be an effective
Phytoremediating agent of wastewater?”

Specifically, it will seek answers to the following questions:

1.) How effective is Musa acuminata (banana) peels as phytoremediating of copper-concentrates wastewater?
2.) How may the treated wastewater sample be described in terms of:
2.1 pH level
2.2 color
2.3 turbidity
3.) Is there a significant difference between the treated and untreated wastewater samples based on the following
parameters:
3.1 pH level
3.2 color
3.3 turbidity
RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS

The study will be guided with the following

hypotheses.

There is no significant difference between the

treated and untreated wastewater samples after the
application of Musa acuminata (banana) peels.
Significance of the Study

• Human

• Future Researchers • Environmentalist

• Farmers
Significance of the Study

• Future Researchers

• Farmers • Human

• Environmentalist
Significance of the Study

• Farmers

• Environmentalist • Future Researchers

• Human
Significance of the Study

• Environmentalist

• Human • Farmers

• Future Researchers
Scopes and Limitations
The goal of this study is to develop a wastewater filter that is
both affordable and environmentally beneficial. The study will be
carried out in several research institutions for testing during the 3rd
Grading period of S.Y. 2022-2023 under the supervision of the
researchers' teacher. Only three factors—color, pH level, and turbidity
level—will be used to determine the effectiveness of Musa acuminata
(banana) peels.
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURES
AND STUDY
Studies conducted by Hossain, Hao, Ngo, Guo and Nguyen
(2011), Vilardi, Di Palma,Verdone (2018), Olaoye, Afolayan, Mustapha
and Adeleke (2018), Al-Azzawi, Shartooh and Al-Hiyaly (2013) have
stated the potential of Musa acuminata (banana) peels in removing
metals from water. These studies have used different forms of Musa
acuminata (banana) peels such as: minced, fresh, and dried.
 CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY
Kind of Research

This study will be classified as an Experimental kind of

Scientific Research. This study is a mix of Qualitative and
Quantitative Research.
 CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY
Research Design
First, Musa acuminata (banana) peels were collected from the
local market of Balagtas. The researchers then powderized it. Next,
wastewater were collected from the irrigation system of Balagtas. The
resesrchers bought powdered copper online. After that, they started the
experimentation, there are 2 water samples, treated and untreated. The
independent variable was applied and they measured the effectiveness
using the recommended parameters.
 CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY
Data Gathering Procedure

The data were gathered from the tests performed by the

researchers such as; pH level, color, and turbidity level.
 CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY
Statistical Treatment
Mean under the Measure of Central Tendency –
pH, turbidity and color

Hypothesis – T-test paired sample

CHAPTER IV: RESULTS AND
DISCUSSION
1. How may the treated wastewater sample be described in terms of:
1.1 pH level
1.2 color
1.3 turbidity level

1.1 pH level
CHAPTER IV: RESULTS AND
DISCUSSION
1.2 color
COLOR
1
2
3
4 /
5
CHAPTER IV: RESULTS AND
DISCUSSION
1.3 turbidity

TURBIDITY MEASURE
TREATED 84 NTU
CHAPTER IV: RESULTS AND
DISCUSSION
Is there a significant difference between the treated and untreated wastewater samples based on the following parameters:
2.1 pH level
2.2 color
2.3 turbidity level

2.1 pH level
Untreated Treated Average
PH level 6.15 5.84 5.99
2.2 color
Color Untreated Treated Average
1
2 3.5
3 /
4 /
5
CHAPTER IV: RESULTS AND
DISCUSSION
Is there a significant difference between the treated and untreated wastewater samples based on the following parameters:
2.1 pH level
2.2 color
2.3 turbidity level

2.3. turbidity level

Samples NTU Test method

UNTREATED 236 Nephelometric Method
Treated 84 Nephelometric Method
CHAPTER IV: RESULTS AND
DISCUSSION
3.) How effective is Musa acuminata (banana) peels as
phytoremediating of copper-concentrated wastewater?

EFFECTIVENESS
Not effective
Somewhat effective /
Effective
Very Effective
Highly Effective
CHAPTER V: SUMMARY

In overall, this study mainly focuses with

the efficacy of Musa acuminata (banana)
peels as a phytoremediating agent of
Copper in Wastewater
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION
After the researchers performed the different tests. The following things can be concluded:
• Powdered Musa acuminata (banana) peels weren't able to stabilize the pH level of the copper-
concentrated wastewater.
• In terms of color, the powdered Musa acuminta (banana) peels weren't able to lighten the color
of the copper-concentrated wastewater.
• After interpreting the results, the researchers accepted the null hypothesis. There is no significant
difference between the untreated and treated wastewater after the application of treated
powdered Musa acuminata (banana) peels. The solution is can be seen the figure below.
UNTREATED TREATED P-value
6.15 5.84
3 4 0.4253
236 84

• The researchers used the 0.005 level of significance. 0.4253 > 0.005, therefore, the null
hypothesis is accepted.
CHAPTER V: RECOMMENDATIONS
The following recommendations are as follows:
1.) For future studies, it is recommended to mix the powdered Cu (copper) well, and letting it settle
for a certain minutes. After settling it, it is advised that it is the right time for assessing the pH level
of the untreated sample
1.1 In addition, it is recommended that after the application of the powdered Musa acuminata
(banana) peels, it is advised to leave the treated water sample undisturbed for 24 hours.

2.) For future researchers, they are recommended to perform Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
(AAS).
REFERENCES
• Arifiyana, D., & Devianti, V. A. (2021, March 2). Optimization of ph and contact time adsorption of Banana Peels as
adsorbent of co(ii) and ni(ii) from Liquid Solutions. AIP Publishing. Retrieved March 2, 2023, from
https://aip.scitation.org/doi/abs/10.1063/5.0043112
• D. Castro, R., Caetano, L., Ferreira, G., Padilha, P., Saeki, M., Zara, L., Martines, M., Castro, G. (2011, February 16).
Banana peel applied to the solid phase extraction of cpper and lead from River Water: Preconcentration of metal ions with a
fruit waste. Retrieved March 3, 2023, from https://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/ie101499e
• Hossain, M. A., Ngo, H. H., Guo, W. S., & Nguyen, T. V. (2011). Removal of copper from water by adsorption onto
banana peel as bioadsorbent. GEOMATE Journal. https://geomatejournal.com/geomate/article/view/1452
• Olaoye, R. A., Mustapha, O. I., & Adeleke, H. G. (2018). The efficacy of banana peel activated carbon in the removal
of cyanide and selected metals from cassava processing wastewater2018. Advances in Research.
https://journalair.com/index.php/AIR/article/view/19
• Vilardi. (2018, April 18). Heavy metals adsorption by banana peels micro-powder: Equilibrium modeling by non-linear
Models. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering. https://cjche.cip.com.cn/EN/10.1016/j.cjche.2017.06.026