Introduction

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GARY HSU
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Outline

INTRODUCTION CONTAINERS STRUCTURES /

LASHINGS
Foreword
Almostz 90 per cent of world trade is
transported by sea, in ships. Ships
carry food, fuel, raw materials,
commodities and goods on which
we all depend.

- IMO-

Containers have become the main

way of transporting manufactured
goods around the world. A container
can be transferred between truck,
train and ship relatively easily and is
a standard size to simplify
transportation. Containers can
accommodate anything from
foodstuffs to electrical equipment to
automobiles. They are also used to
transport bagged and palletised
goods, as well as liquids and
refrigerated cargo
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Container
size
Containers sizes & code
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ISO 6346 is an international standard which
describes the identification of a shipping
container.

The standard is maintained by the BIC

(International Container Bureau) and covers
the serial number, owner, country code, and
size of any given shipping container

https://www.bic-code.org/size-type-code/
 Container size

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 Container Marking
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Convention for Safe Containers

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Structure and Strength

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CONTAINER SEAL
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Dry storage containers

Container Types-1
These are the standard previously mentioned shipping containers, which are used to ship dry
materials. They are normally 10ft, 20ft, or 40ft in length.

Refrigerated containers
These are containers that are refrigerated. they are ideal for food stock or pharmaceutical goods

Open top containers

As per the title, these containers have no roof, which enables goods of any height to be shipped. This
makes them ideal for items such as logs or machinery
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Container Types-2
Flat rack containers
These contain collapsible sides that fold. They are ideal for shipping boats, equipment, and cars.

Tanks
These are designed to retain liquids (including fuels)
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OOG: OUT OF GAUGE Container Types-3

Cargo that cannot be loaded on a dry container due to its dimensions (height, width, and length)
or weight is called Out Of Gauge (OOG) cargo
 Hazardous containers
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DG cargo
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 CONTAINER DAMAGE CASE
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z Container position
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Exercise

a 20' container in the brown-colored slot: 070082

a 40’ container in the blue-colored slot: 100308

a 20' container in the pink-colored slot: 090082

a 40' container in the yellow-colored slot: 100610

a 40' container in the orange-colored slot: 140182

 Overview of the container ship
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Container ships are made up of several holds, each equipped with “cell guides” which allow the
containers to slot into place. Once the first layers of containers have been loaded and the hatches
closed, extra layers are loaded on top of the hatches. Each container is then lashed to the vessel
but also to each other to provide integrity.
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Hatch cover – Enables your vessel to carry deck cargo, split the container stack between hold
and deck and to prevent water ingress into the cargo hold.

Lashing bridge – A strong steel structure installed between hatches to permit the storage of an
additional tier of containers or more substantial containers in the upper tier. Lashings can be
applied at a higher level but can also remain short.
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z DISTRIBUTED / CLASSIFIED STOWAGE
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RUSSIAN STOWAGE
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SOLAS - International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea
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- Chapter V - Safety of navigation - Regulation 22 -
Navigational bridge visibility

 The view of the sea surface from the conning position shall not be obscured by more than
two ship lengths, or 500 m, whichever is the less, forward of the bow to 10° on either side
under all conditions of draught, trim and deck cargo;
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Stacking weight

Stack weight is the maximum weight that

can be borne by the deck, hatch covers
or tank top at the corners of a bottom slot
near the cell guide.
The stack weight limit cannot be exceed
as this may cause the container to
collapse.
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Stack height

Each row on the vessel has a maximum

height limit. This is known as the stack
height limit.
The Stack height limit cannot be
exceeded as the containers will not permit
the hatch cover to close.
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SPREADER (Suspended Load)

GANTRY CRANE

BIN GEAR BOX

 Cargo Securing Manual (CSM)
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• General information
• Securing equipment
- Loose fittings
- Fixed fittings
- Operation, inspection & service
• Stowage and securing of nonstandard cargo
• Stowage and securing of containers
- Container securing arrangement
(CSA)
- Calculation examples
• Annexes
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Container securing
 Lashing components
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container stowage
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LASHING CHECKING
 BOSUN’Sz RESPONSIBILITY (extract from Fleet Administration Manual)
Berthing or in cargo operation:
*Lead all deck hands to check the cargo gears and lashing gears are in good
condition, and check the usage by stevedores is proper or not.
*Supervise the deck hands to check if all the lashing works are completed and
correct.
*Properly restore, maintain, repair and record the lashing gears.
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THANK YOU