Lab session-2

Electrical Machine
Design
COURSE CODE: EE3706
LTP : 1-0-2
FACULTY: PROF. S. GOPALAKRISHNA
 Design Problem
Given parameters
1) Power Rating (kVA)
2) Voltage Rating
3) Rated Frequency
4) No. of Phases
5) Connection type (delta/star)
6) Core type/ Shell Type
7) Type of cooling
8) Information about tapping
9) Temperature limits of the oil
Design of 3-phase core type transformer
Core Design

Core Type Shell Type

Core Type and shell type

Core Type Shell Type

Cross-sectional view of a 3-phase core type
transformer

Aw : Area of window

Ac : Area of Copper in window

Kw : Window space factor

Kw =
Design of core and yoke
 Mathematical Analysis
 KVA

KVA
Assumption : =

KVA
KVA

∅𝑚 =
√
𝑄𝑟 ×10 3
3 × 4.44 𝑓
The voltage per turn
For a given transformer , the ratio of
Maximum Flux to Ampere Turns is a constant
so, let r=

K K = 0.45 for 3 core type distribution transformer

K = 0.6 to 0.7 for 3 core type power transformer
 Calculation of core area
K

Stacking Factor (ki) is the ratio of the effective

cross-sectional area (Ai) of the transformer core
to the physical cross-sectional area (Agi) of the
transformer core

is selected between 1T to 1.5 T (depends upon grade

of silicon steel being used)
 Stepped core
• With the increase in the number of steps, the diameter of circumscribing circle
reduces for an iron area of the core, so cost of copper winding reduces

• With the increase in number of steps, the assembly cost of the core increases

Low rating
Transformer 25 kVA 1 MVA 15 MVA
Ref: The performance and Design of Alternating Current Machines---M. G. Say
Utilization factor and the Diameter of the
circumscribing circle
Utilization factor is the ratio of gross core area to area of the circumscribing
circle ( )

The factor Kc is the ratio of net core area to the square of the diameter of the
circumscribing circle ( )

Core Type Square Cruciform 3 Stepped 4 stepped

( 2 stepped)
Utilisation 64 79 84 87
Factor
Kc (Stakking 0.45 0.56 0.6 0.62
Factor=0.9)
 Kw =
Window Space Factor

It is the ratio of copper area in the window to the total window

area
Kw = 10/(30+kV) for rating 50 to 200kVA
Kw = 12/(30+kV) for rating about 1000 kVA
Kw = 8/(30+kV) for rating about 20 kVA
Choice of Current Density
This depends upon cooling method employed
 Natural Cooling: 1.5---2.3 A/mm2
 Air Natural cooling
=
 Oil Natural cooling
 Oil Forced circulated with Natural air cooling
 Forced Cooling : 2.2---4.0 A/mm2

a
Air Blast cooling
 Oil Blast cooling
 Oil Forced circulated with air Blast cooling a
 Water Cooling: 5.0 ---6.0 A/mm2
 Oil immersed with circulated Water cooling
 Oil Forced with circulated Water cooling
Derivation for Transformer Window Area

Total conductor area in each window

AC=KwAw=2(aPNP+aSNS)=2(+)=

AT=J

KVA

KVA

= Area in Sq.m
Window Height and Width

Assume window height to be 2.5 times window width

So Area of the window Aw = HwWw=2.5 Ww2

Area of Yoke is assumed to be 1.2 time of the Area of

the Limb
Design problem

Design a 25 kVA, 11000/433 V, 50 Hz, 3 phase, delta/star, core type, oil

immersed natural cooled distribution transformer. The transformer is
provided with tapping % on the HV winding. Maximum temperature
not to exceed 450C with mean temperature rise of oil 350C.

Write the step by step procedure in notes and write

a Matlab Program
Functions in Matlab
Function to draw a Rectangle

function k = Rdraw(X0,Y0,L,B) % Function definition

x=[X0,X0+L,X0+L,X0,X0]; % All x-coordinates of the plot
y=[Y0,Y0,Y0+B,Y0+B,Y0]; % All y-coordinates of the plot
k=1; % Returns ‘1’ if
function runs successfully
plot(x,y,‘b'); % Plots figure
end % End of the
function
 %Core Drawing
figure; % New Plot
hold; %
Accommodates multiple plots
Rdraw(0,0,Wf,Hf);
Rdraw(a,Hy,Ww,Hw);
Rdraw(2*a+Ww+d-a,Hy,Ww,Hw);
axis ([-100,Wf+100,-100,Hf+100]); % View dimensions
title('Cross Sectional View of the Transformer'); % Figure title