PARTS OF THE

VOLCANO
BASE
SLOPE
SUMMIT
S
As the magma is continuously heated, it goes
up.
The gas bubbles are trapped and expanded
causing the molten material to swell also,
resulting in a gradual increase in pressure
within the volcano.
When the pressure exceeds the strength of the
overlying rock, fracturing.
Volcanic landforms
and eruptive styles
• Volcanoes come in different shapes and sizes,
each structure has unique history of eruption.
• However, volcanologist classify them according
to their landforms and eruptive patterns.
• We have considered three general volcanic
types according to the shape of their cones.
• A shield volcano is
a broad volcano with
shallow inclining sides.
Shield volcanoes are
formed from many
magma flows of low
viscosity. The magma
flows out of the vent and
slides down the slopes of
the volcano and builds up
the size.
KANLAON in Negros island in central
Philippines
Kanlaon is an example of a
shield volcano in the Philippines.
A shield volcano means that the
entire natural structure resembles
a shield when viewed from above
the ground. This type of volcano
produces thin lava and can form
mountains. Mount Kanlaon is at
the heart of Mount Kanlaon
Natural Park, an established
national park since 1934.
• Cinder cones are
the simplest type of
volcano. They are built
from particles and blobs
of congealed lava ejected
from a single vent. As
the gas-charged lava is
blown violently into the
air, it breaks into small
fragments that solidify
and fall as cinders
around the vent to form a
circular or oval cone.
 SMITH
•
VOLCANO
Aside from Taal
Volcano’s Binintiang
Malaki, there are other
cinder cones found all
over the
Philippines. Smith
Volcano, in Babuyan
Group of Islands, can
also be considered as a
cinder cone. Another
great example is Bud
Dajo in Sulu.
Composite volcanoes—
also called stratovolcanoes—
are named for their
composition. These volcanoes
are built from layers, or strata,
of pyroclastic material,
including lava,
pumice, volcanic ash, and
tephra. The layers stack on
each other with each eruption.
• Composite volcanoes
are usually found at
destructive plate
margins. Examples of
composite volcanoes
include Mount Fuji
(Japan), Mount St
Helens (USA) and
Mount Pinatubo
(Philippines).
• Composite volcanoes
are usually found at
destructive plate
margins. Examples of
composite volcanoes
include Mount Fuji
(Japan), Mount St
Helens (USA) and
Mount Pinatubo
(Philippines).
• Composite volcanoes
are usually found at
destructive plate
margins. Examples of
composite volcanoes
include Mount Fuji
(Japan), Mount St
Helens (USA) and
Mount Pinatubo
(Philippines).
• Composite volcanoes
are usually found at
destructive plate
margins. Examples of
composite volcanoes
include Mount Fuji
(Japan), Mount St
Helens (USA) and
Mount Pinatubo
(Philippines).
CRATER AND CALDERA
CRATER AND CALDERA
CRATER AND CALDERA
CRATER AND CALDERA
CRATER AND CALDERA
CRATER AND CALDERA
• Volcanic activity can be fascinating. After an explosive eruption, a
scenic cone –shaped structure may be produced or changes on its
slope can be observed.
• Some eruptions are very explosive, while many others are not.

What determines the VISCOSITY- is the property of the

nature of eruption? material’s resistance to flow. Its
described the liquid’s thickness and
There are primary factors
stickiness. The more viscous and
affecting the volcanoes’
ticker the material is, it the greater is
eruptive style, namely:
it resistance to flow.
magma’s temperature, its
chemical composition, and the
amount gases dissolve it
contains
TEMPERATURE
• The higher temperature of magma is, the lower its viscosity. As lava
flows, it cools and begins to harden, its ability to flow decreases and
eventually stops.

COMPOSTION
Magmas with
high silica content
are more viscous
than those with
low silica content
AMOUNT OF GASES
GAS-mainly water
vapor dissolved in
magma tends to
increase its ability to
flow