Conceptual Framework

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
• A conceptual framework is a visual representation
in research that helps to illustrate the expected
relationship between cause and effect.
• It is also called a conceptual model or research
model. Different variables and the assumed
relationships between those variables are
included in the model and reflect the
expectations.
How to make a conceptual framework
1. Choose your topic
2. Make your research question
3. Do a literature review
4. Identify the important variables of your study and
their relationship
5. Generate the conceptual framework
Elements of Conceptual Framework
• Frameworks – The dependent and independent variables are drawn
up in the frames.
• Arrows – the arrows between two concepts indicate that there is a
causal link; where the arrow comes from influences where the
arrow points to.
• Lines – where a relationship (correlation) between 2 variables is
expected, but no connection, a line is used.
Conceptual Framework templates
• Independent-Dependent variable Model
Example
Conceptual Framework templates
• Input-Process-Output Model
Conceptual Framework templates
• Concept Map Model
Theoretical Framework
• A theoretical framework is a foundational review of
existing theories that serves as a roadmap for developing
the arguments you will use in your own work. Theories
are developed by researchers to explain phenomena, draw
connections, and make predictions.
• How to create a theoretical framework
1. Define your objective. The first step in creating a theoretical framework
is to define your research objective and then gather supporting
documents.
2. Write a problem statement.
3. Present your research questions.
4. Create a literature review to highlight relevant theories.
The Importance of Theoretical Frameworks
in Qualitative Research
• A theoretical framework is critical because it guides you through answering
research questions and synthesizing your data.
• It influences how you determine what is relevant and how you locate, select,
analyze, and interpret your data.
• It also helps to determine the worth of your study, and it helps to give a
structure for guiding your research.
• A theoretical framework also provides a lens that helps you interpret your
findings.
Definition of Terms
Practical Research 1
Definitions of Terms
• This gives your readers an understanding of the concepts
or factors that will be discussed throughout your study, as
well as contextual information as to how you will be using
those concepts in your study.
• In research terms used in the study are defined
conceptually and operationally. Conceptual operation
refers to the original author’s qualitative definition. Terms
defined operationally are variables measured using
instruments. Operational definition refers to the
description of a term based on its use in the study being
conducted.
As a researcher, the terms to be defined are terms that are
introduced in all sections of the research plan:
 The title of the study
 The problem statements
 The purpose statements
 The research questions, hypotheses, or objectives
 The literature reviews
 The theory base of the study
 The methods section