ENGLISH 13 2ND YEAR

Unit 1
INTRODUCTION TO CHILDREN AND
ADOLESCENT LITERATURE
KATHLENE FRANCESCA G. PAMITTAN,
LPT
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pellentesque dui dictum vel. Sed dignissim tellus sed efficitur sodales.
 LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of this unit, the pre-service teachers are expected to:
1. expound on children and adolescent literature and its historical development in
relation to the rich repertoire;
2. explain how language development can be achieved through the use of children and
adolescent litearture; and
3. design a sample of children adn adolescent literature following the format learned.

ENGLISH 13 2ND YEAR

 TABLE OF CONTENT
1 Understanding Children and Adolescent Literature

2 The Period of Development of Children and Adolescent Literature

3 Book Formats for Children and Adolescent Literature

4 -

ENGLISH 13 2ND YEAR

Lesson 1: Understanding Children and
Adolescent Literature

ENGLISH 13 2ND YEAR

 TASK: LET’S EXPLORE
Directions: Recall at least two good stories that you read, write your memories, feelings,
and experiences while reading the stories by answering the questions below:

1. What are the titles of these stories?

2. When did you start reading these stories?
3. What were your memorable experiences while reading these stories?
4. Will you recommend these stories to others? Why?

ENGLISH 13 2ND YEAR

 LITERATURE
The word literature is derived from the latin word “litaritura” or writing form with letters,
which generally means any written work, although spoken or sung texts are also included
or transcribed oral literature.

It is often used to describe different art forms such as fiction, poetry, prose, and drama.

ENGLISH 13 2ND YEAR

 LITERATURE
Some authors described literature as “writings which interpret the meanings of nature and
life” (Henry Van Dyke); “it is a comprehensive essence of the intellectual life of a nation”
(William Shakespeare); “it speaks the language of imagination and the study of literature
train and improves the imagination” (Northrop Frye).

ENGLISH 13 2ND YEAR

 CHILDREN’S LITERATURE
Children’s literature refers to the material written, published, and used for instruction,
information, and entertainment of children and adolescents.

Children’s literature varies from fiction, non-fiction, poetry and other artistic genres. It also
covers different relevant topics that are of interst to children and adolesents.

ENGLISH 13 2ND YEAR

 CHILDREN’S LITERATURE
Children and adult literature both have the same literary elements but different features.
These include the age and characteristics of the characters, the simplicity or complication
of the plot and the emphasis on morals or didactic motive.

ENGLISH 13 2ND YEAR

 IMPORTANCE OF STUDYING LITERATURE
• Literature helps readers see the world differently and develop a better perspective.
• It offers a deep perception of life.
• It enables understanding of personal and human emotion, issues in society, history, and
culture.
• It also allows readers to unlock the world of imagination, creativity and inspiration.
• It helps them develop essential skills in connecting with the global environment.
• It gives them a chance to discover the world through stories, poetry, and plays.

ENGLISH 13 2ND YEAR

 QUALITIES OF A GOOD STORY
A good story grabs and sparks the readers’ interest. It creates change in the readers’
thinking. It makes the readers feel what the character feel, fear, and love.

A good story changes the psyche of the readers and how they view things. Allen Slay
defined a good story as “an abstract experience, that when ventures through and comes out
of a maze he will feel a slight change”.

ENGLISH 13 2ND YEAR

 QUALITIES OF A GOOD STORY
In terms of elements, a good story must have a relatable theme. It should have a compelling
idea, a good style, and grammar.

ENGLISH 13 2ND YEAR

 QUALITIES OF A GOOD CHILDREN AND
ADOLESCENT LITERATURE
Good children’s literature induces strong emotion; it can make children or readers laugh,
cry. It offers a sense of joy and satisfaction. It entertains, instructs, and inspires. Children
and even adult readers are hooked with children’s and adolescent’s literature since stories
are interesting and relatable.

Good children and adolescent literature must use engging language.

It must also be multicultural. Cultures are portrayed in the characterization, plot, dialogues,
setting and themes.

ENGLISH 13 2ND YEAR

 QUALITIES OF A GOOD CHILDREN AND
ADOLESCENT LITERATURE
Good children’s literature must also draw children’s attention to the story itself, and often
lead to questions and further discussion.

ENGLISH 13 2ND YEAR

 PERSONAL VALUE OF LITERATURE TO
CHILDREN
Reading and exposure to literature will help children in many aspects of life. The personal
value of reading literature to children include:
• Experience pleasure and excitement
• Improve imagination
• Enhance cognitive development
• Stretch attention span
• Acquire information about nature and their environment
• Develop positive attitude
• Appreciate books and develop love for reading
• Understand literature

ENGLISH 13 2ND YEAR

 PERSONAL VALUE OF LITERATURE TO
CHILDREN
• Understand literature
• Learn new hobbies and acquire new interest
• Emphatize with other’s feelings and concerns
• Understand cultural heritage
• Improve creativity and artistic tendencies
• Stimulate a sense of aesthetic

ENGLISH 13 2ND YEAR

 ACADEMIC VALUE OF LITERATURE TO
CHILDREN
Aside from personal development, reading also enhances students’ academic progress.
Reading fosters language development and fluency, that includes phonetic and phonemic
awareness, vocabulary command, structural control, and improvement of the overall
reading comprehension.

ENGLISH 13 2ND YEAR

 TASK 1: EXECUTE
Directions: Write a short poem that explains your meaning of children and adolescent
literature.

ENGLISH 13 2ND YEAR

 ENGLISH 13 2ND YEAR

Thank You
SO MUCH!
KATHLENE FRANCESCA G. PAMITTAN,
LPT
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Donec tempus tellus sapien, ut
pellentesque dui dictum vel. Sed dignissim tellus sed efficitur sodales.
Lesson 1: The Period of Development of
Children and Adolescent Literature

ENGLISH 13 2ND YEAR

 CLASSICAL PERIOD
All literary works began with the use of ancient oral storytelling. People began to tell
stories to comfort each other, establish relationships, and entertain or teach their young
ones. They also tell stories to introduce their religion,tradition, culture, and values. The
classical period can be traced from 500 BC to400 AD. During this time, most of the
children literature was also told by adults.Children heard similar stories as adults did.

ENGLISH 13 2ND YEAR

 CLASSICAL PERIOD
Children grew up with the stories of the adventures of Hercules, Aesop's fables, Homer's
“Iliad and Odyssey,” Ovid's metamorphosis, and the story of gods and goddesses or the
creation of the world.The known literature during the classical period is of Greek and
Roman origins,such as myths and epics. The literary works during the classical period are
characterized as subtle in thought. They use direct expressions, adhere to form,portray
archetypal characters, carry a moral message. Most of the classic literary writers focused
on showing truth and beauty.

ENGLISH 13 2ND YEAR

 CLASSICAL PERIOD
Literary works during the classical period share common elements.These include
memorable characters and distinct protagonists with notable characteristics.Most themes
explore human experiences and depict human conditions and theforces around them. The
writing styles include figurative languages such as metaphors,symbolism,hyperbole, simile,
personification, irony, and juxtaposition.

ENGLISH 13 2ND YEAR

 CLASSICAL PERIOD
The stories of the classical period are both stimulating and fascinating.These are important
parts of our literary and cultural heritage. Classic literature serves as a vessel for readers to
be transported to the very distant past, and explore and view different perspectives. It also
helps them connect to nature,discover the cultural orientation of the past including the
beliefs, traditions, and practices.

ENGLISH 13 2ND YEAR

 MEDIEVAL PERIOD
During the medieval period or middle-ages, literature is characterizedas religious and
highly biblical or romantic, with embedded realism and fantasy.People used stories for
teaching morals to children. The period started from 478AD,the time when the Roman
Empire fell and European civilization weakened.It stretched to the beginning of the 14th
century. Religion was a huge influence interms of education during the middle-ages due to
the domination and influence ofthe Roman Catholic Church.

ENGLISH 13 2ND YEAR

 MEDIEVAL PERIOD
Biblical stories, such as the stories of saints, werepopular to teach children. Among the
known stories based on oral traditions are the story of “Noah” and the great flood, “Cain
and Abel,”“Adam and Eve,” and the “Tower of Babel”. Many stories of heroic adventures
were also familiar in the search for places to spread Catholic teaching.

ENGLISH 13 2ND YEAR

 MEDIEVAL PERIOD
To avoid theft, the books were chained to the libraries during the medieval period. Since
books were expensive, oral tradition or oral storytelling was used as the mode for
entertainment. Storytellers and wandering entertainers recited storiesand different poems to
amuse people. The tale of “King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table” fascinated
children and adults alike.The heroic stories of“Roland” from France and “Cid” from Spain
were widespread. “Beowulf” and his opponent Grendel, the beast, were two of the
prominent characters during the medieval period.

ENGLISH 13 2ND YEAR

 MEDIEVAL PERIOD
During the middle-ages, the recording of literature commenced. Written literary works
started with the monks' lesson books for the young people duringthe old English period.
The Bishop of Sherborne, Aldhelm (640-700 A.D),had also written books for children, in
which he wrote verses and riddics. Alfred the Great(349-399 A.D.) translated literature in
Latin to Anglo -Saxon. The Archbishop of Canterbury, Ansel(1033-1109 A.D.) published
the Bible. William Caxton (1476)created the first printer and published the fables of Aesop,
the Legend of King Arthur and his knights, the Song of Roland an old French epic, the
heroism of El Cid,the valor Beowulf from the Norse. These stories are still prominent even
today.

ENGLISH 13 2ND YEAR

 RENAISSANCE PERIOD
The renaissance period marked the new era in Europe around 1400 to 1700or during the
14th to 16th century. It was the time when new ideas were formed. Roman and Greek
literature were reintroduced. There was emphasis on intellectual and spiritual development.
Changes were brought about by the crusades that opened the trading in Asian countries,
which brought new ideas to European countries.Stable kingdoms were established as
stronger rulers were installed. Johannes Guttenberg discovered the printing press, an idea
which came from China. This allowed the multiple productions of books and spread
information easily during the renaissance period.

ENGLISH 13 2ND YEAR

 RENAISSANCE PERIOD
Educational books were also first printed, and most of the books were made for younger
readers. Sir Thomas Elyot produced “The Book Named the Governor” in 1531. Roger
Ascham printed “The Schole master” in 1570, a book on courtesy.This book emphasized
the proper manners and behavior for young boys.The growing numbers of Protestant
memberš created religious conflict with the RomanCatholics. This conflict and violent
deaths were depicted in John Foxe's “Book of Martyrs.” This book became famous to
school children. Further, a book for teaching Latin through pictures, was also produced by
John Comenius entitled “Orbis Sensualism.”

ENGLISH 13 2ND YEAR

 RENAISSANCE PERIOD
The production of books opened the door to mass education as schools became an essential
aspect of a Puritan child's upbringing. As books became the major source of information,
the price of books became expensive. Those who cannot afford to buy books went for
cheaper ones such as the Chapbooks thatcontained fairy tales. Another popular book was
the Hornbook, where stories were written on a piece of wood with a square shape. The
pages were made of velum typically calf or lambskins, which were protected by a piece of
horn that was transparent. The book was bound by a metallic rim. The texts consisted of
prayers and biblical stories.

ENGLISH 13 2ND YEAR

 18TH CENTURY
During the early 18h century, books were produced to teach children or emphasize morals.
Instructions were devoted to religious pursuits. The Augustinian philosophy had a great
influence on teaching children. Instructions were based on different philosophies;
intellectual development was given a premium. Children'sminds were believed to be blank
slates, as John Locke explained in his essay. In this idea, children were believed to have an
equal opportunity to learn. Adults could imprint in the children's minds, and if best
educated, children could grow into intelligent, highly independent individuals.

ENGLISH 13 2ND YEAR

 18TH CENTURY
Children are believed to be inherently good. Jean-Jacques Rousseau advocated the
importance of living life with simplicity. He also propelled didactic writing for children.
Moralistic tales were produced. John Newberry wrote books that reflected the children's
characteristics during the 18h century. He is considered the Father of Children's Literature.
His books include A Little Pretty Pocket-Book, which is produced to teach and entertain
children.

ENGLISH 13 2ND YEAR

 18TH CENTURY
Folktales were revived during the 18h century. The “Tales of MotherGoose” was introduced
which was written by Charles Perrault of France in 1697 and translated into English. Fairytales
became popular such as the stories of“Sleeping Beauty,”“Cinderella,”“Little Red Riding Hood,”
and many other fairytales that are still popular today. Mme. De Beaumont retold the popular
fairy tale“Beauty and the Beast.” The Tales from the “Arabian Nights” that include “Aladdin and
His Lamp”, and “Sinbad the Sailor” were published by Elizabeth Newberry in 1791. Hans
Christian Anderson wrote fairy tales that include the “The Princessand the Pea,”“The Little
Mermaid”, “The Nightingale,”“The Steadfast Soldiers,”“Emperor's New Clothes,”“The Red
Shoes,”“The Snow Queen,”“Thumbelina”and“The Ugly Duckling.”

ENGLISH 13 2ND YEAR

 18TH CENTURY
Social classes became distorted during this period as the middle class started to
encroach on nobility, while the upper-class members retaliated. The 18th century also
marked the slow change of the female gender perception, and this was depicted in
their literature. Women writers who surfaced were M. Cooper and M.Boreman wrote
“The Christmas-Box”, Jane Austin, and many other female literary writers.

ENGLISH 13 2ND YEAR

 THE VICTORIAN AGE
The Victorian Age was characterized as the rise of modern fantasy. The years 1837 to
1901 were considered the Golden Age of children's literature. A rapid change and
advancement in medicine, scientific discoveries, technical knowledge occurred during
this period. The bulk of literature for children was attributed to the better status of
women and the emergence of more talented writers. Carroll's “Alice in Wonderland”
broke the didactic ideas in literature for children in 1865.

ENGLISH 13 2ND YEAR

 THE VICTORIAN AGE
In the middle and towards the second half of the 19h century, boys'stories dominate
children's literature. Louis Stevenson wrote “Treasure Island,”,Clemens “The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer” in 1876, and 1884 the “Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn.” Women writers Susan Warner wrote “The Wide,Wide World”in 1850, and
Louisa May Alcott produced the popular “Little Women" in 1868,which depicted
strong characterization and moral value. Frank Baum produced“The Wonderful
Wizard of Oz,” depicted the classic U.S. modern fantasy for youngreaders, in 1900.

ENGLISH 13 2ND YEAR

 THE EDWARDIAN ERA
The Edwardian era occurred between 1901 to 1915, where the ideas of childhood
experienced a cultural change, which considered the idea that “a child is central to
childhood.” This became the defining mood of the period that dictated children's
literature. Children's literature became more subjective.” The Tale of Peter Rabbit”
written in 1901, “The Phoenix and the Carpet” in 1904, “The RailwayChildren” in
1906 were a few of Beatrix Potter's literary pieces. The story of “Peter Pan,” which
was written by J.M. Barrie was a popular piece during this period specified in 1904,
and Kenneth Grahame's “A Wind in the Willows” in 1908 madea mark.

ENGLISH 13 2ND YEAR

 THE EDWARDIAN ERA
Other literary pieces produced during this period were Frances Hodgson Burnett's “A
Little Princess in 1905 and the “Secret Garden in 1910,the satirical verse of Hilaire
Belloc was collected in the “Cautionary Tales for Children” in 1907.

ENGLISH 13 2ND YEAR

 THE 20TH CENTURY
The 20th century was considered the era of fantasy writing in children's literature due
to the emergence of many fantasy figures. This period was known for the production
of picture storybooks, the personification of toy animals. HughLofting produced “The
Story of Doctor Dolittle” in 1920, A.A. Milne wrote“Winnie-the-Pooh” in 1926,
which personified toy animal stories. Laura Ingallsalso wrote “Whose Little House in
Big. Woods in 1932. Further, P.L. Traverwrote “Mary Poppins” in 1943.

ENGLISH 13 2ND YEAR

 THE 20TH CENTURY
The popularity of series books rose during the 20thcentury such as “The Lion, the
Witch and the Wardrobe” in. 1950 by C.S. Lewis,“The Hobbit” by J.R.R. Tolkien,
which became a prequel to his work of art “The Lord of the Rings” which became a
very successful movie. Classic adventure“The Charlotte Web” by E.B. White, that
featured a definitive animal fantasy was produced.

ENGLISH 13 2ND YEAR

 THE 20TH CENTURY
The rise of new realism occurred after World War II. These resulted in the diversity of
world cultures depicted in children's literature. It opened a more liberal approach to
children's literature. Roald Dahl, 'a British author, produced “James and the Giant
Peach” in 1961. It was followed by “Charlie and the Chocolate Factory,”“The
Witches,”“Fantastic Mr. Fox,” and “Matilda. In 1970, Judy Blume produced her
novels “Are You There God?", “Margaret”, “It's Me”, “Deannie,” and“Blubber.”
During the late 20th century, heroes portrayed literature came in different colors and
much of the literature written for children were adapted to films.

ENGLISH 13 2ND YEAR

 ENGLISH 13 2ND YEAR

Thank You
SO MUCH!
KATHLENE FRANCESCA G. PAMITTAN,
LPT
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Donec tempus tellus sapien, ut
pellentesque dui dictum vel. Sed dignissim tellus sed efficitur sodales.