MICROWAVE TECHNOLOGY

• Christian Apkor
• Kingsley Obiri-Yeboah - 3111231001
DIRECTIONAL COUPLERS
• Directional couplers are passive devices that
couple a portion of an electromagnetic
power transmission line to a port, allowing
the signal to be used in another circuit. They
are used in many applications, including radio
technology, lightwave technology, and
telecommunication circuits.
•The device has four ports:
•Input, Port
•Through Port
•Coupled, Port
•Isolated Port
• Directional couplers can be categorized into several types,
including , dual, coaxial, waveguide, and combination. Some
other types of directional couplers include:
• Single-hole directional couplers
• Multi-hole directional couplers
• Lange couplers
• Quadratic hybrids
• Two-hole directional couplers
• Four-hole directional couplers
• Reverse coupling directional couplers
• Bethe-hole directional coupler
Types of Directional Couplers.
• There are so many different types of directional couplers and some of
the examples are shown below. (A), (B) are the common types that
are frequently used in daily RF testing. (C),(D) are the waveguide
types of the directional couples which would be used in very high
frequency or high power.
Applications for directional couplers
• Applications for directional couplers include:
• RF Amplifier Power Monitoring: Ensures amplifier
performance and safety.
• Communication Signal Sampling: Non-invasive signal analysis
capability.
• Antenna Signal Strength Measurement: Optimizes antenna
performance and coverage.
• Precise Test Equipment Calibration: Reliable and accurate
measurement results.
• Cable TV Signal Distribution: Maintains signal quality for
subscribers.
Conclusion
Key Parameters
• Coupling Ratio: This indicates the proportion of the input
signal that is coupled to the output port. It's typically
expressed in decibels (dB).

• Isolation: Isolation refers to the degree to which the input

signal is prevented from reaching the isolated port(s). Higher
isolation means less leakage of the signal to those ports.

• Insertion Loss: This parameter measures the reduction in

signal power when the signal passes through the coupler.
Lower insertion loss indicates better performance.
THANK YOU