Theories, Rationale and evidence

supporting MTB-MLE
Developmental learning theories

Study
Objectives;
I babble and gurgle, I learn to crawl,
What stage am I, from birth to age
two.

- Sensorimotor Stage
I ask endless questions, I play and
explore,
The world is a wonder, from two to seven
years old.
What stage am I?

-Preoperational Stage
I learn from my peers, I reason and
grow.
From seven to eleven, my
knowledge does flow.
What stage am I?

-Concrete operational sta

 Piaget's Cognitive Theory
• Piaget's cognitive theory states
v

that children's language reflects

the development of their logical
thinking and reasoning skills in
stages, with each period having a
specific name and age reference.
Schema Theory of Language Learning
• Schema theory describes the process by
which readers combine their own
background knowledge with the
information in a text to comprehend that
text. All readers carry different schemata
(background information) and these are
also often culture specific.
There are four stages of Piaget's cognitive development theory

1. Sensory-Motor Period

2.Pre-Operational Period

3.Egocentrism

4.Operational Period
 Social Interaction Theory
• Vygotsky's social interaction theory
incorporates nurture arguments in that
children can be influenced by their
environment as well as the language
input children receive from their care-
givers. The interaction theory proposes
that language exists for the purpose of
communication and can only be learned
in the context of interaction with adults
and older children.
COGNITIVE THEORIES OF
BILINGUALISM
What is Bilingualism?
• According to Webster’s
Dictionary (1961) 'having or
using two languages especially as
spoken with the fluency
characteristic of a native speaker.
Cognitive Theories of Bilingualism:
BALANCE THEORY, ICEBERG
ANALOGY, & THRESHOLDS
THEORY
 BALANCE THEORY
•The Balance Theory of
bilingualism is a cognitive theory
that suggests that bilingual
individuals have two separate and
distinct language systems that are
both active and in
balance.
 ICEBERG ANALOGY

• Bilinguals have the ability to

use two languages, there is
one part of the brain that
controls both.
THRESHOLD THEORY (Jim Cummins, 1987)
• It explains the relationship between
bilingualism and cognition, supporting
the notion that individuals with high
levels of proficiency in both language
experience cognitive advantages in
terms of linguistic and cognitive
flexibility while low levels of
proficiency in both languages result in
cognitive deficits.
THRESHOLD THEORY (Jim Cummins, 1987)

• 1. Low Proficiency in Both Languages (Below Threshold): If an

individual has low proficiency in both languages, they may
struggle with linguistic and cognitive tasks in both languages.

• 2. High Proficiency in Both Languages (Above Threshold):

Conversely, individuals who surpass the threshold by attaining
high proficiency in both languages experience cognitive
advantages.
 ASSESSMENT/ EVALUATION
A. Write TRUE if the statement is correct. If the statement is false, underline the word which makes it wrong
and write the correct word on the space provided. You are given 10 minutes to do the task.

1.In the formal operational stage, children use their new ability to represent objects in a wide
variety of activities, but they do not yet do it in ways that are organized or fully logical.
2.Bilinguals have the ability to use two languages, there is one part of the brain that controls
both.
3. Threshold theory of bilingualism is a cognitive theory that suggests that bilingual individuals
have two separate and distinct language systems that are both active and in
balance.
4.Schema theory describes the process by which readers combine their own background
knowledge with the information in a text to comprehend that text.
5. Vygotsky’s cognitive theory states that children's language reflects the development of their
logical thinking and reasoning skills in stages, with each period having a specific name and age reference.
ASSESSMENT/ EVALUATION
RUBRICS

B. Essay

Instruction: Get one whole sheet of paper

and write your thoughts on how can
educators implement MTB-MLE in diverse
classrooms? Your answers must consist a
minimum of 100 words and a maximum of
150 words. You are given 10 minutes to do
the task.