Lesson 8: Gases

(Ideal Gas
Equation)
 Goals for today:

1. I will be able to describe the equation used for Ideal

Gas Law.
2. I will be able to solve gas problems using Ideal Gas
Law.
3. I will be able to appreciate situations where Ideal
Gas Law are applied.

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 Keywords for the concepts to be
learned
a. Boyle’s Law
b. Charles’s Law
c. Avogadro’s Law
d. Ideal Gas Law

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 Gas Variables

1. Pressure - the amount of force exerted per unit area

unit: atm, psi, kPa, Torr, mmHg
2. Volume - the space occupied
unit: liter (L), m3
3. Temperature - the measure of hotness or coldness
unit: Celsius (oC), Kelvin (K)
4. Mole (n) - the number of moles
unit: mol

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The relationship between pressure, volume,
temperature, and number of moles are expressed by
the Gas Laws:

Boyle’s Law
Charles’s Law
Avogadro’s Law

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 Let’s Explore

1. Using PhET simulation, investigate how volume

varies with pressure as temperature and number of
moles are held constant. Explain qualitatively (by
watching the molecules in the simulation) how
changing the volume affects the pressure. Predict the
mathematical relationship between pressure and
volume.
Boyles’ Law (The volume of a given amount of gas is
inversely proportional to its pressure at constant
temperature.)
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 Let’s Explore

2. Using PhET simulation, investigate how volume

varies with absolute temperature as pressure and
number of moles are held constant. Explain
qualitatively (by watching the molecules in the
simulation) how changing the volume affects the
temperature. Predict the mathematical relationship
between volume and absolute temperature.

Charles’ Law (The volume of a given amount of gas is

directly proportional to its absolute temperature at
constant pressure.)
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 Let’s Explore

3. Using PhET simulation, investigate how volume of a

gas varies with number of moles as temperature and
pressure are held constant. Explain qualitatively (by
watching the molecules in the simulation) how
changing the volume affects the number of moles.
Predict the mathematical relationship between volume
and number of moles.
Avogadro’s Law (The volume of a gas at a given
temperature pressure is directly proportional to the
number of moles contained in the volume.)
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The three gas laws can be combined into a single
equation known as the Ideal Gas Equation:

PV = nRT

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This equation can be rearranged into an equation known
as the combined gas law, which holds true for a given
amount of gas:

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If temperature is kept constant (i.e. T1 = T2)

Boyle’s Law

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If pressure is kept constant (i.e. P1 = P2)

Charles’ Law

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The value of R can be calculated from the molar volume
at 0oC and 1 atm (V = 22.4 L).

Alternately, this can also be used: R = 8.314 kPa ● L mol–1 ● K–1.

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The gas constant (R), one of the few universal
constants, has always the same value anywhere and
anytime.

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 Sample Problem 1

A gas sample occupies a volume of 12.0 L at 50oC and

700 Torr. How many moles of gas are contained in the
sample?
Answer: 0.416 mol

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Density Calculations

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 Sample Problem 2

Calculate the volume that will be occupied by 20.0 g

carbon dioxide at 25oC and 1.25 atm.

Answer: 8.90 L

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 Sample Problem 3

What would be the pressure of 6.40 g oxygen gas in a

vessel with a volume of 4.5 L at 20oC?

Answer: 1.07 atm

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For a given gas (i.e. Molar mass = constant ) at a given
pressure, the equation can be reduced into

This equation shows that the density of a gas is

inversely proportional to its temperature. This means
that hot air has a lower density than cold air.

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 Application

The relationship between

density and temperature
can explain the principle
of the hot air balloon.

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 Application

The relationship between density and temperature can

explain the principle behind passive cooling in building
design.

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 Group Quiz

Calculate the density of carbon dioxide (CO2) in grams

per liter (g/L) at 0.990 atm and 558oC.

Answer: 1.62 g/L

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 Performance Task

Illustrate how gases behave based on Kinetic Molecular

Theory through group role play, drawing, newscasting,
singing, dancing.

Guide Questions:
1. How do gas molecules interact?
2. How would they respond once, volume, temperature,
pressure, and amount of gas are being interrelated?
3. What are the conditions of gas kinetic energy?

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 Performance Task

Scoring Rubric
• Relevance to the assigned topic – 50%
• Presentation and illustration – 30%
• Execution, participation, and organization – 20%

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