Leeeeenaaaaa Finally Final

WELCOME
K.K. WAGH COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE BUSINESS MANAGEMENT,

NASHIK
AFFILIATED TO MAHATMA PHULE KRISHI VIDHYAPEETH,RAHURI
Presentation on
Student Ready Programme 2023-24
Presented to: Presentation By :

K.K. Wagh College of ABM, Raut Leena Gajanan
Nashik (ABMN-2020/033)
MODULE-I
RURAL AWARENESS WORK EXPERIENCE

 LIST OF CONTENTS
Introduction.
Objectives of study.
Village Information.
Socio-Economic Survey of Farmer.
Marketing channels and marketing cost of commodities.
Summary.
 Problems and suggestions.
Experience Gained.
Photo Gallery.
INTRODUCTION
The RAWE (Rural Awareness Work Experience )is conducted in the 7th sem 4th
year. The main aim of the programme is to adequate the student with the village and
farming situation. So that they can have practical knowledge about agriculture .
 Objectives of the Study
1) To Study and analyse the cropping pattern of the host farmer.
2) To estimate the per hectare cost of cultivation.
3) To estimate the incomes of the different crops.
4) To study the input management done by the farmer.
5) To study the marketing channels followed by the farmer.
6) To know the problems faced by the farmers during the production and marketing of
crops.
 General Information of the Village
Sr. No. Particulars Data
1) Population of Village 1747
2) Name of Grampanchayat Grampanchayat Vinchur Gawali
3) Name of Sarpanch Mrs. Rikame Anita Vijay
4) Total Members of Grampanchayat 9
2) No. of Families in the Village 833
3) Total Area of the Village 509.81 ha
 Major Crops Grown in the Village:

Sr.No Types of Crop Name of Crop
1) Cereals Wheat
2) Pulses Cheak Pea, Green Gram, etc.
3) Oil seed Groundnut, Soybean etc.
4) Flowers Chrysanthemums, Marigold
5) Vegetables Tomato, Cucumber, Cabbage, Cauliflower, Onion, etc.
6) Fruits Grapes, Pomegranates, Guava,etc
7) Spices Coriander, Ginger etc.
8) Cash Crop Sugarcane
 SOCIO-ECONOMIC SURVEY OF FARMER
 Profile of Host Farmer:

Name of the host farmer Mr.Prabhakar Rikame
a)Gender Male
b)Age 61
c)Education 12
d)Land Holding 2.36 Ha
e)Category Medium Farmer
f)Address Village-Vinchur Gawali Post- Vinchur Gawali
Tehsil-Nashik District-Nashik
g)Contact No 9403066059
 Information of the Family Members:
Sr. No Name Gender Relation With Age Education Occupation

Head of Family
1) Prabhakar Sadhu Rikame Male Self 61 12th Pass Farmer
2) Chandrakala Prabhakar Rikame Female Wife 50 10th Pass House Wife
3) Bhausaheb Prabhakar Rikame Male Son 35 BSC Farmer
4) Jayashri Bhausaheb Rikame Female Daughter-in-law 27 12th Pass House Wife
5) Ganesh Prabhakar Rikame Male Son 30 BSC Farmer
6) Sakshi Ganesh Rikame Female Daughter-in-law 21 12th Pass House wife
7) Shivanya Bhausaheb Rikame Female Grand-daughter 04 Jr. KG _
8) Shivtej Bhausaheb Rikame Male Grand-son 01 - -
9) Shreeja Ganesh Rikame Female Grand-daughter 01 - -

 Assets of Host Farmer:
Land:
Sr. No Plot/Survey No Area (Ha) Soil Type Present Value

Irrigated Un-irrigated
1) 291 0.58 - Black Soil 60 lakh
5) 406-2 0.09 - Black Soil 10 lakh
Livestock of Host Farmer:

Sr. No Category Breed No. of Animals Present Value
(Rs)
1) Cow Jersy 01 60,000
Source of Irrigation and Area Irrigated:
Sr. No Source Number Area Irrigated(Ha)

a) Well 2
b) Lift 1 2.3 Ha
c) Canal 1
Total 4
Buildings:
Sr. No Category Type of Year of Present Value

Construction Construction (Rs)
1) Residential RCC 2017 16,00,000
House
2) Cattle Byre Kutcha 2019 50,000
Total 16,50,000
Implements & Machinery of Host Farmer:
Sr. No Particulars Quantity Present Value

Implement and Equipment
1) Iron Plough 01 25,000
2) Seed Drill 01 35,000
3) Hoes 04 500
4) Bullock Cart 01 8,000
5) Sprayer 01 2000
Machinery
1) Electric Motor 02 12,000
2) Tractor 01 4,25,000
3) Duster 01 45,000
Hand Tools
1) Rake 02 150
2) Spade 02 100
3) Sickle 12 960
4) Axe 01 125
Irrigation Structure of Host Farmer:
Sr. No Particulars Quantity Year of Installation Cost (Rs)
1) Electric Motor 02 2008 12000
2) Well
a)Well (i) 01 1992 1,10,000
b)Well(ii) 01 1995 1,25,000
3) Drip 2008 40,000
 Cropping Pattern of Host Farmer:
Sr. No Season Crops Variety Area(Ha) Yield per plot Gross

Main By Income
Product
1) Kharif a)Okra Radhika 0.40 80 Qt - 2,15,384.6
b)Soybean JS-335 0.80 28 Qt 5 Qt 1,48,350
2) Rabi a)Wheat Ajit-102 0.20 8 Qt - 24,800
b)Onion Ellora 0.20 60 Qt - 90,000
Gulabi
3) Perennial a)Grapes Thompson 1 250 Qt - 10,00,000
Seedless
Total 2.6 Ha 14,78,534.6
Cropping Intensity:
Sr. No Particulars Area (Ha)
1) Total Land 2.36
2) Net Cultivable Area 2.2
3) Non-Cultivable Area 0.16
4) Gross Cropped Area 2.6
=(2.6/2.2)x100
=118.18 %
Result- The Cropping Intensity is greater than 100%, Which shows

better crop rotation of land.
Depreciation on Implements Machineries of Host Farmer :
Sr. No Particulars Quantity Purchase Purchase Useful Life Depriciation Junk Value Depriciation
Year Value Rate
Implement and Equipment
1) Iron Plough 01 2017 25,000 25 4 1000 960
2) Seed Drill 01 2015 35,000 10 10 3500 3150
3) Hoes 04 2015 500 5 20 100 80
4) Bullock Cart 01 1992 8,000 20 5 400 380
5) Sprayer 01 2014 2000 10 10 200 180
Machinery
1) Electric Motor 02 2008 12,000 25 4 480 460.8
2) Tractor 01 2012 4,25,000 25 4 17000 16320
3) Duster 01 2016 45,000 20 5 2250 2137.5
Hand Tools
1) Rake 02 2017 150 5 20 30 24
2) Spade 02 2018 100 5 20 20 16
3) Sickle 12 2017 960 5 20 192 153.6
4) Axe 01 2017 125 10 10 12.5 11.25
Building and Infrastructure
1) Well(i) 01 1992 1,10,000 50 2 2200 2156
2) Well(ii) 01 1995 1,25,000 50 2 2500 2450
3) Drip 01 2008 40,000 15 6.6 2666.66 2488
Total 32551.16 30967.15
Crop wise Depreciation Charges
Depreciation on Implement & Others Implement-
Formula:
Junk Value=Purchase Value × 10
Depreciation=Purchase Value - Junk Value

Useful Life
Present Value=Purchase Value – Total Depreciation

Total Depreciation Charges = 30,967.15
Gross Cropped Area = 2.6 Ha

Cropwise Depreciation Charges = Total Deprecation Charges × PlotArea
Gross Cropped Area
Cropwise Depreciation Charges:
(Including Building & Infrastructure)
Sr. No Crop Plot Area(Ha) Depreciation (Rs)

1) Okra 0.40 4764.2
2) Soybean 0.80 9528.35
3) Wheat 0.20 2382.08
4) Onion 0.20 2382.08
5) Grapes 1 11910.44
Total 2.6 30,967.15
Fixed Capital:
Sr. No Assets Purchase Value
(Rs)
1) Implement & Equipment 70,500
2) Machinery 4,82,000
3) Hand Tools 1335
4) Building & Infrastructure 2,75,000
Total 15,28,835
Interest on Fixed Capital :
Interest on Fixed Capital @10% on Fixed Capital
Interest on Fixed Capital = 15,28,835 ×10

100
=Rs 1,52,883.5
Interest on Fixed Capital is Rs 1,52,883.5
Crop Wise Interest on Fixed Capital:
Interest on Fixed Capital is Rs 1,52,883.5

Gross Cropped Area = 2.6
Crop Wise Interest on Fixed Capital = Interest on Fixed Capital × Plot Area
Gross Cropped Area
Sr. No Crop Plot Area(Ha) Interest Rate (Rs)
1) Okra 0.40 23,520.6
2) Soybean 0.80 47,041.07
3) Wheat 0.20 11,760.26
4) Onion 0.20 11,760.26
5) Grapes 1 58,801.34
Total 2.6 1,52,883.5
Crop Wise Incidental Charges:

Incidental Charges = Rs 3800
Crop Wise Incidental Charges =Total Incidental Charges × Plot Area
Gross Cropped Area
Sr. No Crop Plot Area(Ha) Incidental Charges

(Rs)
1) Okra 0.40 585
2) Soybean 0.80 1169
3) Wheat 0.20 292
4) Onion 0.20 292
5) Grapes 1 1462
Total 2.6 3800
Land Revenue:
Total Land Revenue = 1100
Gross Crop Area = 2.6
Cropwise Land Revenue = Total Land Revenue × Plot Area
Gross Crop Area
Sr. No Crop Plot Area(Ha) Land Revenue (Rs)

1) Okra 0.40 169
2) Soybean 0.80 338
3) Wheat 0.20 85
4) Onion 0.20 85
5) Grapes 1 423
Total 2.6 1100
Irrigation Structure:
Sr No. Particulars Quantity Purchase Purchase Useful Depreciation Junk Value Depriciation
Year Value Life Rate
1) Well(i) 01 1992 1,10,000 50 2 2200 2156
2) Well(ii) 01 1995 1,25,000 50 2 2500 2450
3) Drip 01 2008 40,000 15 6.6 2666.66 2488
4) Electric Motor 02 2008 12,000 25 4 480 460.8
Total 2,87,000 12,166.66 7554.8
Interest on Irrigation Structure = 10 @of Purchase Value
Interest on Irrigation Structure = (2,87,000 ÷100)×10
=28,700
Interest on Irrigation Structure is Rs 28,700
Irrigation Hours:
Sr. No Crop Plot Area(Ha) No. of Irrigation Total Hours
Irrigations Hours/Irrigation
1) Okra 0.40 15 4 60
2) Soybean 0.80 1 8 8
3) Wheat 0.20 6 4 24
4) Onion 0.20 8 5 40
5) Grapes 1 55 4 220
Total 2.6 85 25 352
Total Electricity Bill = Rs 13,000

Minor Repair =2500
Total Hours Utilized = 352 Hr
Crop Wise Irrigation Charges:
Machine Maintenance Charges = {Electricity Bill + Minor Repair}
Total Hours Utilized
= {13,000 + 2500}
352
=Rs 44.03
Machine Maintenance Charges is Rs 44.03
Cropwise Irrigation Charges = MMC × Total Irrigation + {Interest on Irrigation Structure} × Plot
Area Gross Cropped Area
Where,
MMC = Machine Maintenance Charges
Gross Cropped Area =2.6
Crop Wise Irrigation Charges
Sr. No Crop Plot Area MMC Irrigation Interest on Gross Irrigation
Hours Irrigation cropped area Charges
Structure
1) Okra 0.40 44.03 60 28,700 2.6 7055.4
2) Soybean 0.80 44.03 8 28,700 2.6 9182.8
3) Wheat 0.20 44.03 24 28,700 2.6 3263.7
4) Onion 0.20 44.03 40 28,700 2.6 3967.7
5) Grapes 1 44.03 220 28,700 2.6 20718.5
Total 2.6 352 44,188.1
Crop Wise Overhead Cost:

Sr. No Crop Plot Depreciation Interest on Incidental Irrigation Land
Area(Ha) (Rs) fixed Charges Charges Revenue
capital(Rs) (Rs) (Rs)
1) Okra 0.40 4764.2 23,520.6 585 7055.4 169

2) Soybean 0.80 9528.35 47,041.07 1169 9182.8 338
3) Wheat 0.20 2382.08 11,760.26 292 3263.7 85
4) Onion 0.20 2382.08 11,760.26 292 3967.7 85
5) Grapes 1 11910.44 58,801.34 1462 20718.5 423
Total 2.6 30,967.15 1,52,883.5 3800 44,188.1 1100
Annual Gross Income( Previous Year )
Sr. No Source Amount (Rs.)
1) Crops 14,39,534
2) Livestock -
Total 14,39,534
 COST OF CULTIVATION FOR SOYBEAN CROP
 Area: 0.80 Ha
 Season: Kharif
 Variety: JS-335
Crop wise Inputs used by the Host Farmer
Crops: Soybean Variety: JS-335 Season: Kharif Area :0.80 Ha
Sr. No . Item of Cost Unit Per Plot Per Hectare
Qty Rate Value (Rs) Qty Rate Value
(Rs)
1) I) Hired Human Labour
a) Female Days 15 250 3750 18.75 250 4,687.5

II) Contract Labour 10 250 2500 12.5 250 3125
3) i)Owned Machinery Hour 9.5 250 2375 11.875 250 2,968.75
Used
4) i)Seed Purchased kg 50 92 4600 62.5 92 5,750
6) Fertilizer
a)Urea kg 100 6 600 125 6 750
7) Insecticides kg
ml 160 7.8 1248 200 7.8 1,560
a) Ampligo(Lambda
Cyhalothrin 5% EC,
Chloratranilprole 10%)
ml 400 0.8 320 500 0.8 400
b)Karate
(Lambda Cyhalothrin
5% EC)
8) Irrigation Charges 9182.8 11,478.5
9) Incidental Charges 1169 1,461.2
PER HECTARE COST OF CULTIVATION
Crops: Soybean Variety: JS-335 Season: Kharif Area :0.80 Ha
Qty Rate Value (Rs) Value

(Rs)
a) Female Days 15 250 3750 4,687.5
II) Contract Labour 10 250 2500 3125
3) i)Owned Machinery Used Hour 9.5 250 2375 2,968.75
4) i)Seed Purchased kg 50 92 4600 5,750

6) Fertilizer
a)Urea kg 100 6 600 750
7) Insecticides kg
ml 160 7.8 1248 1,560
a)Ampligo(Lambda Cyhalothrin 5%
EC, Chloratranilprole 10%)
ml 400 0.8 320 400
b)Karate(Lambda Cyhalothrin 5%
EC)
8) Irrigation Charges 9182.8 11,478.5
9) Incidental Charges 1169 1,461.2
10) Total Working Rs - - 25744.8 32,181
Capital(Total of 1 to 9)
11) Interest on Working Capital Rs - - 3089.4 3,861.7

@Prevailing Bank Rate for
Full Crop Period (12 %)
12) Total Operational Cost Rs - - 28,834 36,042.5

(10 + 11)
13) Land Revenue & other Rs - - 338 422.5
Cesses
14) Depreciation on Implement, Rs - - 9,528.4 11,910.5
Machinery& Building
15) Rental Value of Owned Land Rs - - 24,387 30,483.8
(1/6th of Gross Return-Land
Revenue)
16) Interest on Fixed Capital Rs - - 47,041 58,801.2
17) Total Fixed cost Rs - - 81,294.4 1,01,618
18) Total Cost (12+17) Rs - - 1,10,128.4 1,37,660.5

COST CONCEPT
19) Total Operational Cost Rs - - 28,834 36,046.2
(10+11)
20) Land Revenue & other Cesses Rs - - 338 422.5
21) Depreciation on Implement & Rs - - 7,345.6 9,182
Machinery
22) Cost A 1 (19+20+21) Rs - - 36,517.6 45,647
23) Rent Paid For Leased in Land Rs - -
24) Cost A2 (22+23) Rs - - 36,517.6 45,647
25) Interest on Fixed capital Excluding Land Rs - - 47,041 58,801.2
(10% on Fixed Investment)
26) Rental Value of Owned Land (1/6th of Rs - - 24,387 30,483.7
Gross Return-Land Revenue)
27) Amortization Value in Case of Fruit Rs - - - -
Crop
28) Cost B 1 (22+25+26+27) Rs - - 1,07,862 1,34,827.5
29) Rental Value of Owned Land – Land Rs - - 24,049 30,061.2

Revenue and Other Cesses(26-20)
30) Cost B 2 (28+29+23) Rs - - 1,31,911 1,64,888.75
31) Imputed Value of Family Labour Rs - - - -
32) Supervision Charges(10 % of Cost A) Rs - - 3,651.8 4,564.7
33) Cost C 1(28+31+32) Rs - - 1,11,513.8 1,39,392.2
34) Cost C 2 (30+31+32) Rs - - 1,35,562.8 1,69,453.5
YIELD:
Sr. No Item Unit Per Plot Per

Quantity Rate Value(Rs) Hectare
1) Main Qt 28 5200 145600 1,82,000

Product
2) By Product Qt 5 550 2750 3,437.5
Gross - - - 1,48,350 1,85,437.5
Income
ANALYTICAL TOOLS OR ESTIMATED INCOME MEASURES:
Sr. No Particulars Formula Solution
1) Farm Business Income Gross Income – Cost A1 1,48,350– 36,517.6

=Rs 1,11,832.4
2) Family Labour Income Gross Income – Cost B1 1,48,350– 1,07,862
=Rs 40,488
3) Farm Investment Income FBI – Imputed Value of 1,11,832.4 – 0

Family Labour = Rs 1,11,832.4
4) Net Income Gross Income – Cost C1 1,48,350 – 1,11,513.8
= Rs 36,836.2
5) B:C Ratio Gross Income / Cost C1 1,48,350 / 1,11,513.8

=1.33
6) Per Quintal Cost of Production (Cost C1 –Value of by (1,11513.8 – 2750) / 28

Product ) / Yield in(Q) =Rs 3,384.4
7) Per Hectare Cost of Cultivation Cost C1 / Area(Ha) =1,11,513.8/ 0.80

= Rs 1,39,392.25
COST OF CULTIVATION FOR OKRA CROP
 Area: 0.40 Ha
 Season: Kharif
 Variety: Radhika
Crops: Okra Variety: Radhika Season: Kharif Area :0.40 Ha
Qty Rate Value (Rs) Qty Rate Value (Rs)
1) I) Hired Human Labour - - - - - - -
a) Female Days 150 200 30,000 375 200 12,000
3) i)Hired Machinery Used Hour 4 250 1,000 10 250 2,500
4) i)Seed Purchased kg 1 5000 5,000 2.5 5000 12,500
6) Fertilizer - - - - - - -
Straight kg - - - - - -
a)24:24:00 kg 50 34.6 1,730 125 34.6 4,325
b)10:26:26 kg 100 28 2,800 125 28 7,000
7) Insecticides kg
ml 200 4.4 880 500 4.4 2,200
a)Imida(Imidacloprid 30.5% SC)
ml 200 1.24 248 500 1.24 600
b) Rogor(Dimethoate 30% EC)
- - - - - - -
Fungicide
ml 100 4.72 472 250 4.72 1,180
1)Score(25%EC Difenconazole)
- - - - - - -
Weedicide
lit 0.5 1.5 750 1.25 1.5 1,875
1) Tergasuper(Quizalofop Ethyl 5% EC)
8) Irrigation Charges - - - 7055.4 - - 18,751
9) Incidental Charges - - - 585 - - 1,462.5
Crops: Okra Variety: Radhika Season: Kharif Area :0.40Ha
Qty Rate Value (Rs) Value (Rs)
1) I) Hired Human Labour - - - - -
a) Female Days 150 200 30,000 12,000
3) i)Hired Machinery Used Hour 4 250 1,000 2,500
4) i)Seed Purchased kg 1 5000 5,000 12,500
6) Fertilizer - - - - -
Straight- kg - - - -
1)24:24:00 kg 50 34.6 1,730 4,325

2)10:26:26 kg 100 28 2,800 7,000
7) Insecticides kg - - - -
ml 200 4.4 880 2,200
a)Imida(Imidacloprid 30.5% SC)
ml 200 1.24 248 600
b) Rogor(Dimethoate 30% EC)
- - - - -
Fungicide
ml 100 4.72 472 1,180
1)Score(25%EC Difenconazole)
- - - -
Weedicide
lit 0.5 1.5 750 1,875
1) Tergasuper(Quizalofop Ethyl 5% EC)
8) Irrigation Charges - - - 7055.4 18,751
9) Incidental Charges - - - 585 1,462.5
10) Total Working Rs - - 50,520 1,26,300
11) Interest on Working Capital Rs - - 6062.4 15,156

12) Total Operational Cost Rs - - 56,582 1,41,455

(10 + 11)
13) Land Revenue & other Rs - - 169 422.5
Cesses
Machinery& Building
15) Rental Value of Owned Land Rs - - 35,728.33 89,320.8

Revenue)
16) Interest on Fixed Capital Rs - - 23,520.6 58,801.5
17) Total Fixed cost Rs - - 64,182.13 1,60,455.3
18) Total Cost (12+17) Rs - - 1,20,764.12 3,01,910.3

COST CONCEPT
19) Total Operational Cost Rs - - 56,582 1,41,455

(10+11)
20) Land Revenue & other Cesses Rs - - 169 422.5
21) Depreciation on Implement & Rs - - 3,672.8 9,182

Machinery
22) Cost A 1 (19+20+21) Rs - - 60,423.8 1,51,059.5
23) Rent Paid For Leased in Land Rs - - - -
24) Cost A2 (22+23) Rs - - 60,423.8 1,51,059.5
25) Interest on Fixed capital Excluding Land Rs - - 23,520.6 58,801.5
26) Rental Value of Owned Land (1/6th of Rs - - 35,728.33 89,320.8

Crop
28) Cost B 1 (22+25+26+27) Rs - - 1,19,672.7 2,99,181.7
29) Rental Value of Owned Land – Land Rs - - 35,559.3 88,898.2

30) Cost B 2 (28+29+23) Rs - - 1,55,232 3,88,080
31) Imputed Value of Family Labour Rs - - 2,000 5,000
32) Supervision Charges(10 % of Cost A) Rs - - 6,042.4 15,106
33) Cost C 1(28+31+32) Rs - - 1,27,715.1 3,19,287.7
34) Cost C 2 (30+31+32) Rs - - 1,63,274.4 4,08,186
YIELD:

1) Main Qt 80 - 2,15,384 5,38,460

Product
2) By Product - - - - -
Gross - - - 2,15,384 5,38,460
Income
1) Farm Business Income Gross Income – Cost A1 2,15,384 – 60423.8

=Rs 1,54,960.2
2) Family Labour Income Gross Income – Cost B1 2,15,384 – 1,19,672.7
=Rs 95,711.3
3) Farm Investment Income FBI – Imputed Value of 1,54,960.2– 2000

4) Net Income Gross Income – Cost C1 2,15,384 – 1,27,715
= Rs 87,669
5) B:C Ratio Gross Income / Cost C1 2,15,384 / 1,27,715

=1.68
6) Per Quintal Cost of Production (Cost C1 –Value of by (1,27,715 – 0) / 80

Product ) / Yield in(Q) =Rs 1243.27
7) Per Hectare Cost of Cultivation Cost C1 / Area(Ha) =1,27,715/ 0.40

= Rs 3,19,287.5
COST OF CULTIVATION FOR WHEAT CROP
 Area: 0.20 Ha
 Season: Rabi
 Variety: Ajit-102
Crops: Wheat Variety: Ajit-102 Season: Rabi Area :0.20 Ha

(Rs)
1) I) Hired Human
Labour
a) Male Days 2 300 600 10 300 3,000
3) i)Hired Machinery Hour 4 500 2,000 20 500 10,000
Used
ii)Owned Hour 2 400 800 10 400 4,000
Machinery Used
4) i)Seed Purchased kg 22 70 1,540 110 70 7,700
6) Fertilizer
1)Straight
a)Urea kg 25 6 150 125 6 750
7) Weedicide
1)Weedmar Super ml 240 0.6 144 1,200 0.6 720
(2,4-D Amine
Salt 58% SL)
8) Irrigation Charges 3,263.7 16,318.5
9) Incidental Charges 292 1,460
Crops: Wheat Variety: Ajit-102 Season: Rabi Area :0.20 Ha

(Rs)
1) I) Hired Human
Labour
a) Male Days 2 300 600 3,000
3) i)Hired Machinery Hour 4 500 2,000 10,000
Used
ii)Owned Machinery Hour 2 400 800 4,000
Used
4) i)Seed Purchased kg 22 70 1,540 7,700
6) Fertilizer
1)Straight
a)Urea kg 25 6 150 750
7) Weedicide
1)Weedmar Super ml 240 0.6 144 720
(2,4-D Amine Salt
58% SL)
10) Total Working Rs - - 8,789.7 43,948.5
11) Interest on Working Capital Rs - - 1,054.8 5,274

12) Total Operational Cost Rs - - 9,844.5 49,222.5

(10 + 11)
13) Land Revenue & other Rs - - 85 425

Cesses
14) Depreciation on Implement, Rs - - 2,382 11,910
Machinery& Building
15) Rental Value of Owned Land Rs - - 4,048.3 20,241.5
Revenue)
17) Total Fixed cost Rs - - 18,275.6 91,378
18) Total Cost (12+17) Rs - - 28,120.1 1,40,600.5

COST CONCEPT
19) Total Operational Cost Rs - - 9,844.5 49,222.5

(10+11)
20) Land Revenue & other Cesses Rs - - 85 425
21) Depreciation on Implement & Rs - - 1836.4 9,182
Machinery
22) Cost A 1 (19+20+21) Rs - - 11,766 58,830
24) Cost A2 (22+23) Rs - - 11,766 58,830
26) Rental Value of Owned Land (1/6th of Rs - - 4,048.3 20,241.5
Crop
28) Cost B 1 (22+25+26+27) Rs - - 27,484.6 1,37,423
29) Rental Value of Owned Land – Land Rs - - 3,963.3 19,816.5

30) Cost B 2 (28+29+23) Rs - - 31,447.9 1,57,239.5
32) Supervision Charges(10 % of Cost A) Rs - - 1,176.6 5,883
33) Cost C 1(28+31+32) Rs - - 28,661 1,43,305
34) Cost C 2 (30+31+32) Rs - - 32,624.5 1,63,122.5
YIELD

1) Main Qt 8 3100 24,800 1,24,000

Product
2) By Product - - - - -
Gross - - - 24,800 1,24,000
Income
1) Farm Business Income Gross Income – Cost A1 24,800 – 11,766

=Rs 13,034
2) Family Labour Income Gross Income – Cost B1 24,800 – 27,484.6
=Rs -2,684.6
3) Farm Investment Income FBI – Imputed Value of 13,034 – 0

Family Labour = Rs 13,034
4) Net Income Gross Income – Cost C1 24,800 – 28,661.2
= Rs -3,861.2
5) B:C Ratio Gross Income / Cost C1 24,800 / 28,661.2

= 0.86
6) Per Quintal Cost of Production (Cost C1 –Value of by (28,661.2– 0) / 8

Product ) / Yield in(Q) =Rs 3,582.6
7) Per Hectare Cost of Cultivation Cost C1 / Area(Ha) =28,661.2/ 0.20

= Rs 1,43,306
COST OF CULTIVATION FOR ONION CROP
 Area: 0.20 Ha
 Season: Rabi
 Variety: Ellora Gulabi

Crops: Onion Variety: Ellora Gulabi Season: Rabi Area :0.20 Ha
(Rs)
a) Male Days 13 300 3,900 65 300 19,500
b) Female Days 25 250 6,250 125 250 31,250
iii) Contract Labour
a)Female Days - - 4,500 - - 22,500
3) i)Hired Machinery Hour 2.5 750 1,875 12.5 750 9,375

Used
ii)Owned Machinery Hour 8 150 1,200 40 150 6,000
Used
4) i)Seed Purchased kg 2 600 1,200 600
6) Fertilizer
Complex kg - - - - - -
1)10:26:26 kg 50 27 1,350 250 27 6,750

2)18:46:00 kg 50 29 1,450 250 29 7,175
7)
Insecticides
ml 100 1.5 150 500 1.5 750
1)Regenta(Fipronil
5% SC)
ml 250 2 500 1,250 2 2,500
2)Hamla
Chlorpyriphos +
Cypermethrin (50%
+5%)-EC
ml 100 0.8 80 500 0.8 2,500
3)Karate(Lambda
Cylothrin )
Fungicide
kg 0.2 1 200 1 1 1,000
1)Antracol70%
WP Propineb
Weedicide
ml 250 1.5 375 1,250 1.5 1,875
1)TergaSuper
Quizalofop Ethyl 5%
EC
Crops: Onion Variety: Ellora Gulabi Season: Rabi Area :0.20 Ha

(Rs)
a) Male Days 13 300 3,900 19,500
b) Female Days 25 250 6,250 31,250
iii) Contract Labour
b)Female Days - - 4,500 22,500
3) i)Hired Machinery Used Hour 2.5 750 1,875 9,375
ii)Owned Machinery Used Hour 8 150 1,200 6,000

4) i)Seed Purchased kg 2 600 1,200
6) Fertilizer
Complex kg - - - -
1)10:26:26 kg 50 27 1,350 6,750

2)18:46:00 kg 50 29 1,450 7,175
7) Insecticides
1)Regenta (Fipronil 5% SC) ml 100 1.5 150 750
2)Hamla(Chlorpyriphos + Cypermethrin ml 250 2 500 2,500
(50%+5%)-EC)
3)Karate(Lambda Cylothrin ) ml 100 0.8 80 2,500

Fungicide
1)Antracol (70% WP Propineb) kg 0.2 1 200 1,000
Weedicide
ml 250 1.5 375 1,875
1)TergaSuper(Quizalofop Ethyl 5% EC)
10) Total Working Capital(Total of 1 to 9) Rs - - 27,289.7 1,36,448.5
11) Interest on Working Capital @Prevailing Rs - - 3,274.7 16,373

Bank Rate for Full Crop Period (12 %)
12) Total Operational Cost Rs - - 30,564.4 1,52,822
(10 + 11)
14) Depreciation on Implement, Machinery& Rs - - 2,382 11,910
Building
15) Rental Value of Owned Land (1/6th of Rs - - 14,915 74,575
17) Total Fixed cost Rs - - 22,642.3 1,13,211.5
18) Total Cost (12+17) Rs - - 53,206.7 2,66,033.5
COST CONCEPT
19) Total Operational Cost Rs - - 25,564.4 1,27,822

(10+11)
21) Depreciation on Implement & Rs - - 1836.4 9,182

Machinery
22) Cost A 1 (19+20+21) Rs - - 27,485.8 1,37,429
24) Cost A2 (22+23) Rs - - 27,485.8 1,37,429
25) Interest on Fixed capital Excluding Land Rs - - 11,760 58,800
26) Rental Value of Owned Land (1/6th of Rs - - 14,915 74,575
27) Amortization Value in Case of Fruit Rs - -
Crop
28) Cost B 1 (22+25+26+27) Rs - - 54,160.8 2,70,804
29) Rental Value of Owned Land – Land Rs - - 14,830 74,150

30) Cost B 2 (28+29+23) Rs - - 68,990.8 3,44,954
32) Supervision Charges(10 % of Cost A) Rs - - 2,748.5 13,742.5
33) Cost C 1(28+31+32) Rs - - 56,909.3 2,84,546.5
34) Cost C 2 (30+31+32) Rs - - 71,739.3 3,58,696.5
YIELD

1) Main Qt 60 1500 90,000 4,50,000

Product
2) By Product - - - - -
Gross - - - 90,000 4,50,000
Income
1) Farm Business Income Gross Income – Cost A1 90,000– 27,485.8

=Rs 62,514.2
2) Family Labour Income Gross Income – Cost B1 90,000– 54,160.8
=Rs 35,839.2
3) Farm Investment Income FBI – Imputed Value of 3,62,514.2 – 0

4) Net Income Gross Income – Cost C1 90,000– 56,909.3
= Rs 8,038.5
5) B:C Ratio Gross Income / Cost C1 90,000 / 56,909.3

=1.58
6) Per Quintal Cost of Production (Cost C1 –Value of by (56909.3– 0) / 60

Product ) / Yield in(Q) =Rs 948.48
7) Per Hectare Cost of Cultivation Cost C1 / Area(Ha) =56,909.3/ 0.20

= Rs 2,84,546.5
COST OF CULTIVATION FOR GRAPES CROP
 Area: 1 Ha
 Season: Perennial
 Variety: Thompson Seedless

Crop :Grapes Variety: Thompson Seedless Season : Perennial Area :1 Ha

(Rs)
1) I) Hired Human
Labour
a) Male Days 200 300 60,000 200 300 60,000
b) Female Days 425 250 1,06,250 425 250 1,06,250
3) i)Hired Machinery Hour 7.5 1500 13,500 7.5 1500 13,500
Used
ii)Owned Hour 125 150 18,750 125 150 18,750
Machinery Used
6) Fertilizer kg
Straight kg
1)SSP kg 500 10.6 5,300 500 10.6 5,300

(Singal Super
Phosphate)
Complex
1)10:26:26 kg 250 28 7,000 250 28 7,000
Water –Soluble
1)0:52:34 kg 12.5 250 3,125 12.5 250 3,125

(Potassium Phosphate)
2)19:19:19 kg 50 88 4,400 50 88 4400
(NPK)
3)13:40:13 kg 150 112 16,800 150 112 16800
(NPK)
Micronutrient & Macronutrient
1)Magnesium Sulphate kg 200 16 3,200 200 16 3,200
7) Insecticides
1)Actra gm 375 23 8,625 375 23 8,625
(Thiamethoxam 25 % WG)
2)Proclaim gm 1,000 5.8 5,800 1000 5.8 5,800
(Emamectin Benzoate 5% SG)
3)Karate lit 2.5 750 1,875 2.5 750 1,875
(Lambda Cylothrin )
Fungicide
1)Antracol kg 10 600 6,000 10 600 6,000
(Propineb 70%)
2)Luna lit 2.5 4800 12,000 2.5 4800 12,000
(Fluopyram 17.7% w/w + Tebuconazole
17.7% w/w SC)
3)Blue Copper kg 5 700 3,500 5 700 3,500
(Copper Oxychloride 50% WP)
4)Kuman-L lit 6.25 450 2,812.5 6.25 450 2,812.5

(Ziram 27%)
5)Acrobat gm 1000 4.6 4,600 1000 4.6 4,600
(difenoconazole and mefenoxam)
6)Score ml 500 3.8 1,900 500 3.8 1,900

(25%EC Difenconazole)
7)Abacin ml 1000 7.3 7,300 1000 7.3 7,300
(Abamectin 1.9% EC)
Hormonal spray
1)G.A gm 300 27 8,100 300 27 8,100

(Gibberellic acid)
2)G.A Solvant lit 5 80 400 5 80 400
3)CPPU lit 2.5 2200 5,500 2.5 2200 5,500

(Forchlorfenuron)
Weedicide
1)Roundup lit 2 450 900 1.7 450 765
9) Incidental Charges 1,462 1,462

Crop :Grapes Variety: Thompson Seedless Season : Perenial Area :1 Ha

(Rs)
a) Male Days 200 300 60,000 60,000
b) Female Days 425 250 1,06,250 1,06,250
3) i)Hired Machinery Used Hour 7.5 1500 13,500 13,500
ii)Owned Machinery Used Hour 125 150 18,750 18,750
6) Fertilizer kg
Straight kg
1)SSP kg 500 10.6 5,300 5,300

(Singal Super Phosphate)
Complex
1)10:26:26 kg 250 28 7,000 7,000
Water –Soluble
1)0:52:34 kg 12.5 250 3,125 3,125

(Potassium Phosphate)
2)19:19:19 kg 50 88 4,400 4400
(NPK)
3)13:40:13 kg 150 112 16,800 16800
(NPK)
Micronutrient & Macronutrient
1)Magnesium Sulphate kg 200 16 3,200 3,200
7) Insecticides
1)Actra gm 375 23 8,625 8,625
(Thiamethoxam 25 % WG)
2)Proclaim gm 1,000 5.8 5,800 5,800
(Emamectin Benzoate 5% SG)
3)Karate lit 2.5 750 1,875 1,875
(Lambda Cylothrin )
Fungicide
1)Antracol kg 10 600 6,000 6,000
(Propineb 70%)
2)Luna lit 2.5 4800 12,000 12,000
(Fluopyram 17.7% w/w + Tebuconazole 17.7%
w/w SC)
3)Blue Copper kg 5 700 3,500 3,500
(Copper Oxychloride 50% WP)
4)Kuman-L lit 6.25 450 2,812.5 2,812.5
(Ziram 27%)
5)Acrobat gm 1000 4.6 4,600 4,600
(difenoconazole and mefenoxam)
6)Score ml 500 3.8 1,900 1,900
(25%EC Difenconazole)
7)Abacin ml 1000 7.3 7,300 7,300
(Abamectin 1.9% EC)
Hormonal spray
1)G.A. gm 300 27 8,100 8,100

(Gibberellic acid)
2)G.A Solvant lit 5 80 400 400
3)CPPU lit 2.5 2200 5,500 5,500

(Forchlorfenuron)
Weedicide
1)Roundup lit 2 450 900 765
9) Incidental Charges 1,462 1,462

10) Total Working Capital Rs - - 3,28,918 3,28,918
(Total of 1 to 9)
11) Interest on Working Capital Rs - - 39,470.12 39,470.12

12) Total Operational Cost Rs - - 3,68,388.12 3,68,388.12

(10 + 11)
13) Land Revenue & other Rs - - 423 423

Cesses
Machinery& Building
15) Rental Value of Owned Land Rs - - 1,66,243.66 1,66,243.66

Revenue)
17) Total Fixed cost Rs - - 2,37,378.44 2,37,378.44
18) Total Cost (12+17) Rs - - 6,05,766.56 6,05,766.56

COST CONCEPT
19) Total Operational Cost Rs - - 3,68,388.12 3,68,388.12

(10+11)
21) Depreciation on Implement & Rs - - 9,182 9,182

Machinery
22) Cost A 1 (19+20+21) Rs - - 3,77,993.12 3,77,993.12
23) Rent Paid For Leased in Land Rs - - - -
24) Cost A2 (22+23) Rs - - 3,77,993.12 3,77,993.12
26) Rental Value of Owned Land (1/6th of Rs - - 1,66,243.66 1,66,243.66
27) Amortization Value in Case of Fruit Rs - - 24,227.56 24,227.56
Crop
28) Cost B 1 (22+25+26+27) Rs - - 6,27,265.68 6,27,265.68
29) Rental Value of Owned Land – Land Rs - - 1,65,820.66 1,65,820.66

30) Cost B 2 (28+29+23) Rs - - 7,93,086.34 7,93,086.34
31) Imputed Value of Family Days 200 300 60,000 60,000
Labour
32) Supervision Charges(10 % of Rs - - 37,799.3 37,799.3
Cost A)
33) Cost C 1(28+31+32) Rs - - 8,53,086.34 8,53,086.34
34) Cost C 2 (30+31+32) Rs - - 8,90,885.64 8,90,885.64
Amortization Cost of Grapes:

Sr. No Structure Unit Quantity Rate Value
(Rs) (Rs)
1) Structure
a)Iron Wire kg 1,250 110 1,37,500
b)Iron Angle Ton 12.5 47000 5,87,500
c)Bamboo No. 2,500 24 60,000
2) Bed Preparation - 20,000 20,000
3) Graft Roots No 2,500 16 40,000
4) Manure Ton 20 1,000 20,000
5) Drip Irrigation 40,000 40,000
6) Grafting No. 2,500 6 15,000
Total 9,20,000
Formula:
Amortization Cost(A)=P.r(1+r)n
(1+r)n-1
Amortization Cost(A) =P.r(1+r)n
(1+r)n-1
Where,
=920000×0.1(1+0.1)15
P=Establishment Cost
(1+0.1)15-1
r =Rate of Interest
n=Economic Life of Crops in Year =
920000×0.1(1.1)15
A=Annual Amortization Cost
(1.1)14
P=9,20,000
= 920000×0.1×4.1772
r =10 %
3.7975
n=15 Years
=92004.1772
3.7975
A=Rs 24,227.56
YIELD
1) Main Qt 250 4000 10,00,000 10,00,000

Product
2) By Product - - - - -
Gross - 10,00,000 10,00,000
Income
ANALYTICAL TOOLS OR ESTIMATED INCOME MEASURES
1) Farm Business Income Gross Income – Cost A1 =10,00,000-3,77,993.12

=Rs 6,22,006.88
2) Family Labour Income Gross Income – Cost B1 =10,00,000-6,27,265.68

=Rs 3,72,734.32
3) Farm Investment Income FBI – Imputed Value of Family =3,72,734.32-60,000

Labour =Rs 3,12,734.32
4) Net Income Gross Income – Cost C1 =10,00,000-8,53,086.34

=Rs 1,46,913.66
5) B:C Ratio Gross Income / Cost C1 =10,00,000/8,53,086.34

=1.17
6) Per Quintal Cost of Production (Cost C1 –Value of by Product ) / =(8,53,086.34.60-0) / 250

Yield in(Q) = Rs 3,412.34
=8,53,086.34 / 1
7) Per Hectare Cost of Cultivation Cost C1 / Area(Ha)
= Rs 8,53,086.34
 Marketing Channels and Marketing Cost of Commodities
1)Marketing Channel For Soybean Crop:
a) Farmer => Wholesaler => Retailer => Consumer
b) Farmer => Wholesaler => Oil Processer
Formulae:
i)Producers price = Selling price – cost incurred
ii)Marketing Margin of Village Trader = Selling price - (purchased price + cost incurred)
iii)TotalMarketingMargin=Marketing Margin of Village Trader + Marketing Margin of Wholesaler
iv)Producer Share in consumer rupee=(Price Received by producer/Price Paid by Consumer) ×100
v)Price spread = Price paid by consumer - Price received by producer

Cost incurred : Sr no. Particulars Channel 1 Channel 2
Rate /Qt. Rate/ Qt.
1. Cost incurred by producer
Cost of gunny bags 30 30
Weighing Charges 10 10
Labour for loading and unloading 20 20
Transportation costs 30 30
Subtotal 90 90
2. Wholesaler
Transportation 20 -
Weighing Charges 10 -
Loading unloading charges 10 -
Commission 10 -
Subtotal 50 -
3. Retailer
Transportation 15 15
Weighing Charges 10 10
Loading unloading charges 10 10
Price spread and market margin for Soybean:
Sr No Particulars Channel-I Channel-II
Rs/Qt. Rs/Qt.
A Producer
1) Gross Price Received 5200 5200
2) Marketing Cost 90 90
3) Net Price Received 5110 5110
B Wholesaler
1) Purchase Price 5200 -
2) Marketing Cost 55 -
3) Selling Price per Quintal 5400 -
4) Market Margin 145 -
C Retailer
1) Purchase Price 5400 5200
3) Selling Price per Quintal 5500 5400
4) Market Margin 45 145
D Consumer Purchase Price 5500 5400
E Total cost incurred 145 145
F Price Spread(Cp-Pp) 300 200
G Producer Share in consumer price 94.54% 96.29%
2)Marketing Channel For Onion Crop:
a) Farmer => Wholesaler => Retailer => Consumer
b) Farmer => Retailer => Consumer
Formulae:
Producers price = Selling price – cost incurred
Marketing Margin of Village Trader = Selling price - (purchased price + cost incurred)
TotalMarketingMargin=Marketing Margin of Village Trader + Marketing Margin of Wholesaler
Producer Share in consumer rupee=(Price Received by producer/Price Paid by Consumer) ×100
Price spread = Price paid by consumer - Price received by producer

Cost incurred:
Sr no. Particulars Channel 1 Channel 2
Rate /q. Rate/ q.
A Cost incurred by Producer
1) Cost of Gunny Bags 15 15
2) Labour for Sorting 20 20
3) Labour for Loading and Unloading 23 23
4) Transportation Cost 20 20
Subtotal 78 78
B Wholesaler
1) Transportation Cost 20 -
2) Loading and Unloading Charges 15 -
3) Sorting Charges 10 -
Subtotal 45 -
C Retailer
1) Transportation Cost 15 15
2) Loading and Unloading Charges 10 10
3) Spoilage/Storage 20 20
Subtotal 45 45
Total 168 168
Price spread and market margin for Onion:
Sr No Particulars Channel-I Channel-II
Rs/Q Rs/Q
A Producer
1) Gross Price Received 850 850
3) Net Price Received 772 772
B Wholesaler
1) Purchase Price 850
2) Marketing Cost 45
3) Selling Price per Quintal 1050
4) Market Margin 155
C Retailer
1) Purchase Price 1050 850
3) Selling Price per Quintal 1300 1200
4) Market Margin 205 205
D Consumer Purchase Price 1300 5400
E Price Spread(Cp-Pp) 450 350
F Producer Share in consumer price 65.38% 70.83%
 Summary
 Total area of the host farmer is 2.3 Ha.
 Gross area of the host farmer is 2.6 Ha
 Farmer grows Soybean, Okra, Wheat, Onion and Grapes on a large scale.
 Total gross income of previous year is 14,78,534.6
 Cropping intensity is 118.18
 Benefit-Cost ratio for Soyabean is 1.33
 Benefit-Cost ratio for Okra is 1.68
 Benefit-Cost ratio for Wheat is 0.86
 Benefit-Cost ratio for Onion is 1.58
 Benefit-Cost ratio for Grape (Thomson Seedless) is 1.17
 Conclusion
It is concluded that, more returns can be generated from the suggested cropping pattern in which
rabi season crop Onion generates more income than Wheat crop. The host farmer generating high
income from the crops like Okra and Soybean . And due to climatic conditions the income generated
from Grape crop is less. The overall study of host famer income measures describes that farmer had
utilized all available resources in optimum manner.
 Problems and Suggestions
Problems faced by Farmer: Suggestions for Farmer:
1. Lack of capital 1. Controlled use of fertilizers.

2. Lack of modern farming implements. 2. Adapt modern cultivation practices.
3. Low prices and fluctuation of prices for agriculture 3. Use of high quality seed.
commodities 4. Adopting the risk management strategies like crop
4. Lack of high quality seeds. insurance /cattle insurance /machinery insurance etc.
5. Climatic changes.
 Experience Gained:
1. Gained technical skills about Production of agricultural crops likes,

e.g. Grapes, Soybean, Wheat, Okra, Onion etc. i.e. crop life cycle, seed rate
per acre, Method of planting, Nutrient management, Requirement of FYM, Yield per acre etc.
2. Gained experience about financial requirements for all crops i.e. cost of seeds, cost of
fertilizers, Irrigation charges, Incidental charges, Depreciation charges, Cost of plant
protection chemicals etc.
3. Got information about various schemes implemented by village.
4. Learned how to manage a farm condition during natural calamities.

 Photo Gallery
Visit to Grampanchayat Vinchur MonitoringVisit to Grampanchayat Vinchur

Gawali Village Gawali Village
Visit to Host Farmer
Monitoring Visit to Host Farmer Monitoring Visit to Host Farmer

MODULE: II
STUDENT PROJECT WORK
TITLE:
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF SPRAY DRIED BANANA POWDER OF
A.K.AGRO FOOD PROCESSING PVT.LTD (DIST.NASHIK)
 LIST OF CONTENTS
Introduction.
Scope and Importance of Food Processing.
Objectives of study.
Hypothesis of study.
Research Methodology.
Results and discussion.
SWOT Analysis.
 Problems and suggestions.
Summery and Conclusion.
Experience Gained.
Photo Gallery.
1. Introduction
 Food processing is the transformation of agricultural products into food, or of
one form of food into other forms.

 Food processing includes many forms of processing foods, from grinding grain to make
raw flour to home cooking to complex industrial methods used to make convenience
foods.
 Some food processing methods play important roles in reducing food waste and
improving food preservation, thus reducing the total environmental impact of agriculture
and improving food security.
 The action of performing a series of mechanical and chemical operations on food in order
to change or preserve it.
2. Scope & Importance of Food Processing :
1) Large quantities of fruits, vegetables are preserved for longer period of time.
2) The scope and importance of food processing are vast, with many different methods used to achieve different
results. Food can be processed and preserved in many ways, including canning, freezing, dehydration, pickling,
and irradiation.
3) The sector is multiplying and is estimated to reach a value of Rs. 2,58,000 crore by 2022. There are many
opportunities for investment in the food processing sector, and it offers good returns on investment.
4) Food processing and preservation can be defined as all the activities and operations required for converting raw
agricultural produce into safe and nutritious food products. Food processing and preservation are necessary to
ensure access to safe, wholesome, and palatable foods at reasonable costs.
5) Food processing enhances the shelf life of food through various ways such as microorganism control, low-
temperature storage, dehydration, and removal of oxygen. It also alters the texture, flavour, and nutritional
value of food products to appeal to consumers.
6) The food processing industry is an important part of the Indian economy. It accounts for about 10% of India’s
GDP and employs around 15 million people.
3.Objectives Of The Study:
1) To study Human Resource Management practices followed in A.K. Agro Food

processing Pvt.Ltd.
2) To evaluate costs and benefits of a spray-dried Banana powder.
3) To study financial feasibility of A.K. Agro Food Processing Pvt.Ltd.
4) To study SWOT analysis of A.K. Agro Food Processing Pvt.Ltd.
4.Hypothesis:
H0) There is efficient utilization of resources in A.K. Agro Food Processing Pvt.Ltd.
H1) Resources are not properly utilized in A.K. Agro Food Processing Pvt.Ltd.
H0) A.K. Agro Food Processing Pvt.Ltd firm is having good financial condition.
H1) A.K. Agro Food Processing Pvt.Ltd firm is having poor financial condition.
5.Research Methodology
Sample Design
1)A sampling design is definite plan for obtaining a sample from a given population. It refers to the
technique or the procedure the researcher would adopt in selecting items for the sample.
2) Sample design may as well lay down the number of items to be included in the sample i .e., the size of
the sample. Sample design is determined before data are collected.
Sampling Process
Selection of Selection of Selection of Selection of
region agro food A.K. Agro
processing processing Foods
industry industry Processing
PVT.LTD.
Nashik
Data Collection Methods:
A)Primary Data
Primary data is data that is collected by a researcher from first hand sources. The
primary data was collected through following methods.
1)Observation Method
The observation method is the most commonly used method specially in studies relating to behavioural sciences. The
primary data was collected by recording the observations on daily basis we record the daily observations like a what
quality raw material we can use for a production? Technical information regarding the various machinery & equipments
2)Personal Interview
The method of collecting information through personal interviews is usually carried out in a structured way. Interviews
were carried with the owner, employees working in the industry, labours, customers to know the various process and
working system of the industries. We asked them several questions regarding the company and the process of spray drying
of different fruits.
3)Survey
Survey was conducted to various industries to know the detail information about their working, products,
establishment, owners, infrastructure etc. Surveys are concerned with describing, recording, analysing and interpreting
conditions that either exist or existed.
B)Secondary Data
Secondary data is the data that have been already collected and readily available.
Secondary data was collected from the following sources.
1)Internet
Data regarding status of food processing and wine industry was collected through internet. From the internet we take a data
about the researcher and their research done in the various field.
2)Books
Books are the good source of any kind of information and were used to know formulas to compute the different factors in
processing, standard procedures, laws, etc. a)Research methodology – Auther : C.R.Kothari from this book we took
information about sampling and data collection method.
3)Journals
Data regarding food processing was collected from journals which have research papers published by scientists, professors,
students, etc. Rajkumar S. Adukia - www.caaa.in
4)Website
Website were used to know the detailed information regarding statistics of food processing industries and many other things.
www.akagrofood.com
www.researchgate.com
www.fssai.com
www.googlescholar.com
www.shodhganga.com
Process of Selection of Industry:
Selection of Area:
The scope of the study is limited to identification of critical area of management, economical
feasibility and SOWT analysis of food processing industry. In any research project the selection of
the most effective methodology for the collection and its further analysis plays an important role.
The information collected and its interpretation should be done in a systematic and scientific manner
in accordance with the research objective.
A) Selection of Unit:
In recent years Nashik is a growing city for the processing sector. The climatic condition prevailing
in the area and its surrounding are suitable to the food processing industry. The purpose behind
selecting this project were to study agricultural processing enterprises, commercial food processing.
The A. K. Agro Food Processing Pvt. Ltd, Nashik provides technical guidance to my project. I were
also attaining a training programme at A. K. Agro Food Processing Pvt. Ltd, Nashik.
Address: Gat no.205/1, Village-Madakijamb, Tal-Dindori, Dist-Nashik, 422202.
B)Survey of Food Processing Industries in Nashik
Sr. Survey Conducted Industry Photo of Survey
No.
1) Sahyadri Farms
Name of the Owner: Mr.Vilas Shinde
Products: Tomato Puree, Banana
Pulp, Frozen fruits and vegetables,
Fruit jam, Fruit juices.
2) Varun Agro Foods Processing Pvt. Ltd.

Name of the owner: Mrs. Manisha Dhatrak
Products: Tomato Paste, White Guava pulp,
Banana Pulp, Banana Pulp, Papaya Pulp, etc.
3) A. K. Agro Food Processing Pvt. Ltd.

Name of the owner: Mr. Alok Singh
Products: Fruit and Vegetable Spray Dried
Powder
4) Freshtrop Pvt. Ltd.
Name of the owner: Ashok Motiani
Product: Pomegranate Juice , Kesar Banana
Pulp , Alphonso Banana Pulp, Guava Pulp,
Totapuri Banana Pulp , Grapes , Tomato
Paste , Fresh-Cut Fruits .
5) Someshwar Masale Pvt. Ltd.

Name of the owner:Mahendra Sakhre
Product: sambhar masala,Chaat masala,
Biryani masala, Goda masala, Fish masala,
Kolhapuri masala, Paanipoori masala etc
Out of the above processing units, A. K. Agro Food Processing Pvt. Ltd. were selected for project work because :-
1) A. K. Agro Food Processing Pvt. Ltd. plays an important role in providing consumers with a good quality Processed
Products.
2) It also helps in generating employment and livelihood in various regions around Nashik District. The Purpose of this
Processed Products is to provide consumers with healthy and good quality Food Products.
3) The company has achieved Success under the guidance of Mr. Alok Singh, and the Managing Director of the company.
Mr. Alok Singh is the key person responsible for the creation, management, vision and execution of the business who
gave us permission to perform Internship Programme.
4) The reasons for selection of this industry for internship program are, at present this industry is growing and the
products of this industry have huge demand among people. The products of this industry are of very good quality. The
founder of this company have vision to expand their business in order to provide employment for upliftment of
financial conditions of farmers and other rural peoples.
5) “A. K. Agro Food Processing Pvt. Ltd.” produces different products by processing on various fruits and vegetables and
making various value added products such as Tomato powder, Strawberry powder, Guava powder, Ginger powder,
Garlic powder, Carrot powder, Lemon powder etc. with good quality and nutritious nature.
6. Results and Discussion
General Information about A.K. Agro Food Processing Pvt.Ltd .
1. A.K AGRO FOOD

Name of industry
PROCESSING PVT. LTD.
2. Address Gate no.205/1, Village-
Madakijamb, Tal-Dindori,
Dist-
Nashik,422202
3. Name of owner Mr. Alok Singh
4. Website www.akagrofood.com
5. Organization Type Private Ltd.
6. Contact Number 9822861008
7. Land Area 4 Acre
8. Year of establishment 2018
9. Spray Dried Fruits and
Products Vegetable Powder
10. FSSAI NO. 10020022011000
Layout of A. K. Agro Food Processing Pvt. Ltd.
Production Quality Washing
Manager Control Entrance Area
Office Lab
Unloading o Raw Material

f
Storage Room
Processing Area
Packaging
Area
Ground Floor Layout of A.K. Agro Food Processing Pvt.Ltd

Meeting Entrance Office Area
Room
Storage room Reception Accounting
Waiting Room
Area
First Floor Layout of A.K. Agro Food Processing Pvt. Ltd

Product Range of A. K. Agro Food Processing Pvt. Ltd
Spray Dried Mango Powder Spray Dried Guava Powder
Spray Dried Lemon Powder Spray Dried Tomato Powder
Spray Dried Strawberry Powder Spray Dried Banana Powder

Spray Dried Ginger Powder Spray Dried Onion Powder
Spray Dried Pomegranate Powder Spray Dried Carrot Powder
Spray Dried Beetroot Powder

Human Resource Management Practices Followed in A.K. Agro Food processing
Pvt.Ltd.
Structure of HR Department: -
1. HR Manager –
Mr. Vikas Ghuge Managing Company Staff, including Coordinating and supporting the
recruitment process. On boarding newcomers to the company, Determining suitable salaries and
remuneration. Providing the necessary support system for payroll requirements.
Recruitment Process:
Recruitment process of employees in A.K. Agro Food Processing Pvt. Ltd

1. Advertisement in News Paper –Recruitment advertisement is a process of advertising carried out in newspapers by the
companies and business groups in order to make appointments in the vacant positions in the organization.
2. Receiving Applications –After advertisement in newspaper applicant can apply, there are various applications is
receiving after above process and then move for further recruitment process.
3. List the Names of applicant and call for interview –After receiving applications of many numbers of applicant
screening of application is done. After screen only those candidates will be selected who are right for the job and then call
for interview.
4. Final Selection –Final selection of recruitment is done at the time of interview. Only those peoples are select who are
pass the interview. Select employee as per their qualification, skill in interview, knowledge etc.
5. Appointment Letter –The appointment letter is the first piece of document handed to the candidate who has gone
through the interview and has been selected for position. This is confirmation that the person has been appointed for a
particular job.
6. Joining –Last stage of recruitment is joining. Once the appointment letter is given to the candidate after that candidate
join the company as per the joining date.
Leave Policy of A.K. Agro Food Processing Pvt. Ltd.

Total 24 Paid Leaves are allowed to employees.
Process for employees to take leave:
Employee must apply for earned leave 10 days in advance. Once applied, Notification will reach immediate reporting
manger. Once approved leave notification will reach employee and HR. Leave balance after deduction will be updated
on HRMC
Leave Policy of A.K. Agro Food Processing Pvt. Ltd.
1.Casual Leave-
a)Maximum 12 days of casual leave can be avails by an employee in a year.
b)Casual leave is paid leave.
c)Casual leave can be taken for minimum half day and maximum 4 days.
2.Compensatory Leave –
An employee is eligible for compensatory off when he/she has worked on an important
assignment on an any of the National/festival/Declared off day
3.Leave without pay -
An employee can avail leave without pay in case existing leave balance is exhausted and
employees is in need of leave due to unforeseen circumstances i.e. Death.
Salary and increment policy of A K Agro Food Processing Pvt. Ltd.

Salary-
1)To indirect labour salary is provided on per day basis.
2)To Direct labours salary is provided on Monthly basis.
3)Salary is provided on specific day in month.
Increment-
Increment is provided on basis of following points: -
1)work quality
2)Experience of worker
3)Employee Performance
4)Company Success.
Procurement Management Aspects of Selected Industry
Structure of Purchase Department:
Farmers / vendors/ 1)Farmers and vendors: A.K. Agro Foods has fixed supplier of
supplier Packaging materials such as Cardboard boxes, Cover Paper,
Plastic Bags, etc. For processing raw material, they preferred
local farmers and vendors.
Purchasing
2)Purchasing: Purchasing department is handled by Mr. Gaurav
sir. He is responsible for the purchase of raw material from the
suppliers all the deals regarding price, quantity is done by
himself.
Quality Control 3)Quality control: Quality control department is handled by
Mrs Shilpa mam. Quality checking of Raw materials is done by
mam.
4)Invoice: After the quality checking of raw materials is done an

Invoice
invoice is prepared to keep the track of purchase of raw material
and its quality, quantity, price, time, date, supplier.
Flowchart of Structure of
Purchase Department
Production Management Aspects Of Selected Industry .
Organizational structure of A. K. Agro Food Processing Pvt. Ltd.
.
Owner
Mr. Alok Singh
Supervisor
Managing
Director
Mr. Vikas Ghuge
Labour
Plant Head
Mr. Vinay
Tripathi
Flowchart of Organizational Structure of

A. K. Agro Food Processing Pvt. Ltd
Process flow chart for Spray Dried Banana Powder:
Fresh Banana Recived
Sorting of Banana
Washing of Banana
Crushing of Banana
Pulping and Juicing of Banana
Blending (Food Adheshive added)
Transfer into feed tank
Spary Drying
Finished Product (Banana Powder)
Flowchart of processing
a)Receiving of Bananas:
Bananas are received from Jalgaon’s local farmers.
Bananas are purchased in bulk quantity and at the
reasonable price for farmers as well as industry.
b)Sorting of Bananas:
Sorting refers to the removal of rotten, damaged and Receiving of Bananas
cracked Bananas fruits. Selection of yellow ripe strawberry
for the processing of Banana powder is the crucial step as it
may affect quality of the product. The criteria for the
selection include maturity, freedom from blemishes and
defects. Yellow coloured Bananas with higher T.S.S., higher
pulp which provide better quality of product.
Sorting of Bananas
c)Washing of Bananas:
Washing is carried out at the washing tank. The fruit is emptied
into the washer where it is washed and an intensive cleaning
result is achieved.
d)Pulping and Juicing of Bananas:

In this stage of banana pulping bananas are transferred in
crusher for crushing it. Later it converts into semi solid. Washing of Bananas
e)Blending:
Blending is the process where the natural liquid, vitamins,
and minerals are extracted from raw fruits. This process
strips away any solid matter from the fruit and what is left
is liquid only. Blending is important for food manufacturers
so that products are the same every time — consistency is
key. If a recipe is not blended properly, the taste, texture,
colour, and appearance of the final product can all be
affected
Pulping and Juicing of Bananas

f)Spray drying:
Spray drying is a method of producing a dry powder from a liquid or slurry
by rapidly drying with a hot gas. This is the preferred method of drying
foods or pharmaceuticals. Air is the heated drying medium. Conventional
spray dryer processes consist of the following three stages such as
atomization of feed into the droplet, spray-air contact and drying droplets,
product recovery, and final air treatment.
g)Sieving of Powder:
Blending of spray dried powder is carried in which the
Blending
powder is sieved and mixed properly.
h)Weighing of Powder:
The blended powder is weighed and separated in 20kg
packets.
Spray drying
i)Packaging of Powder:
After weighing of powder that is packed in 20kg packets
and labelled.
j)Loading of Powder:
The packets are then loaded to the vehicle and send to the
party who ordered this. At the time of loading the packets
are named by the number and product name. Sieving of Powder Weighing of Powder
Packaging of Powder
Loading of Powder
Estimation of Gross Income of A.K. Agro Food Processing PVT. LTD.
Sr. Product Name Quantity Rate/kg Amount (Rs.) Shares per

No. (Kg/Year) product %
Banana Powder 1,20,000 400 4,80,00,000 16.35%
1.
2. Guava Powder 50,000 380 1,90,00,000 6.47%
3. Lemon Powder 60,000 280 1,68,00,000 5.72%
4. Tomato Powder 2,15,000 250 5,37,50,000 18.31%
5. Strawberry Powder 75,000 650 4,87,50,000 16.61%
6. Banana Powder 95,000 525 4,98,75,000 16.99%
7. Ginger Powder 25,000 490 1,22,50,000 4.17%
8. Onion Powder 40,000 350 1,40,00,000 4.77%
9. Pomegranate Powder 20,000 650 1,30,00,000 4.43%
10. Carrot Powder 20,000 350 70,00,000 2.38%

Estimition of Capital Investment of A.K. Agro Food Processing Pvt.Ltd.
Sr. No. Particulars Amount
1) Land 4,20,00,000
2) Buildings 92,00,000
3) Machinery and Equipments 1,77,96,000
4) Furniture 1,33,400
5) Water Structure 8,00,000
Total 6,99,29,400
Administrative Expenses (Direct Expenses):
Salary per Payment Payment
Sr. Name of the No. of
person per per
No. employee/worker Worker
(Rs./Month) (Rs./Month) (Rs./year)
1. Production Manager 1 60,000 60,000 7,20,000
2. Finance Manager 1 30,000 30,000 3,60,000
3. QC Manager 1 20,000 20,000 2,40,000

4. Supervisor 2 25,000 50,000 6,00,000
5. Machine Operator 2 20,000 40,000 4,80,000
6. Accountant 1 25,000 25,000 3,00,000
7. Watchman 2 15,000 30,000 3,60,000
Total 30,60,000
Total direct expenses by 16.99% = Total Payment (Rs/year) × % Share

of share in a unit 100
= 30,60,000×16.99
100
=Rs 5,19,894
Wages (Indirect Expenses):
Sr Labour No Wages/person Wages/person Wages/person Total payment

No
(Rs/day) (Rs/month) (Rs/year) (Rs/year)
1 Worker 16 500 15,000 1,80,000 28,80,000
2 Cleaner 04 500 15,000 1,80,000 7,20,000
Total 20 1000 30,000 3,60,000 36,00,000
Total indirect expenses by 16.99% of share in a unit= Total Payment(Rs/year) × % Share

100
= 36,00,000 ×16.99
100
= Rs 6,11,640
Total Labour cost = Total indirect expenses+ Total direct expenses
= 6,11,640 + 5,19,894
= Rs 11,31,534
Machinery & Equipment cost of A.K.Agro Food Processing Pvt.Ltd. of spray dried Banana Powder :
Sr no: Particulars No. Cost / unit Total Cost Percent Machinery And Equipment
Share
Cost For Banana Powder
A Machinery
1 Washer 1 5,00,000 5,00,000 16.99 84,950
2 Crusher 1 75,000 75,000 16.99 12,742.5
3 Pulper 1 8,00,000 8,00,000 16.99 1,35,920
4 Mixing Vessel 1 1,50,000 1,50,000 16.99 25,485
5 Feed Tank 1 5,50,000 5,50,000 16.99 93,445
6 Spray Drier 1 65,00,000 65,00,000 16.99 11,04,350
7 Boiler 1 80,00,000 80,00,000 16.99 13,59,200
8 Sieving Machine 1 40,000 40,000 16.99 6,796
9 Weighing Machine 2 8,250 16,500 16.99 2,803.4
10 Blender 1 3,84,000 3,84,000 16.99 65,241.6
11 Packaging Machine 1 3,00,000 3,00,000 16.99 50,970
12 Computer 4 20,000 80,000 16.99 13,592
1,73,95,500 29,55,495.5
B Equipments
1 Platform Trolly 2 20,000 40,000 16.99 6,796
2 Lab Equipment’s - 2,85,500 2,85,500 16.99 48,421.5
3 Crates 150 250 37,500 16.99 6,371.3
4 Cans 20 1300 26,000 16.99 4,417.4
5 CCTV 6 2,000 12,000 16.99 2,039
4,00,500 68,045.2
Total 1,77,96,000 30,23,540.4
Machinery & Equipment cost = A+B
of spray dried Banana Powder
= 4,55,520.5 + 68,045.2
= Rs 30,23,540.4
Initial Capital Investment for Spray Dried Banana Powder:

Sr No. Particulars Total Cost % Share Initial Capital
Investment For
Spray Dried Banana
Powder
1 Land 4,20,00,000 16.99 71,35,800
2 Buildings 92,00,000 16.99 15,63,080
3 Machinery And Equipments 1,77,96,000 16.99 30,23,540.4
4 Water Structure 8,00,000 16.99 1,35,920
5 Furniture 1,33,400 16.99 22,665
6 License Fees 20,000 16.99 3,398
7 Insurance Fees 1,10,000 16.99 18,689
Total 7,00,59,400 1,19,03,092.4

Other Variable Charges For Spray Dried Banana Powder:
Sr No. Particulars Amount % Share Charges For

Spray Dried
Banana
Powder
1 Repairing & 18,000 16.99 3058.2

Maintanance
Charges
2 Electricity Bill 36,00,000 16.99 6,11,640
3 Miscelleneous 15,000 16.99 2548.5

Charges
4 Fuel(Coal) 36,00,000 16.99 6,11,640
Total 72,33,000 12,28,887

Estimation of Raw Material Cost For Spray Dried Banana Powder:
Sr. No. Raw Total Rate / Total Cost

Material Procurement Kg In
In Year (Kg) Year (Rs)
1 Banana 7,60,000 25 1,90,00,000
2 Preservatives 796.2 320 2,54,784
3 Additives 50.66 250 12,665
Total 1,92,67,459
Estimation of Packaging Cost for Spray Dried Banana Powder:
Sr Particulars Quantity Rate/Unit Total

No. Amount
1 Plastic Bags 9,500 8 76,000
2 Cardboard Box 4750 19 90,250
3 Tape 114 40 4,560
4 Plastic Sheets 38 80 3,040
5 Labels 4750 1 4750
Total 1,78,600
Estimition of Cost Of Production of A.K. Agro Food Processing Pvt.Ltd. For Spray Dried Banana Powder:
Estimation Of Fixed Cost For Spray Dried Banana Powder:

Sr No. Particulars Amounts
1 Land Rent 2% of land Value Rs 71,35,800 1,42,716
2 Depreciation On Buildings @ 2% On 31,262
Rs 15,63,080
3 Depreciation On Machinery & 3,02,354
Equipment @ 10% On Rs 30,23,540.4
4 Depreciation On Water Structure @ 2% On 2718.4
Rs 1,35,920
5 Depreciation On Furniture @ 10% On Rs 2,266.5
22,665
6 Salary 5,19,894
7 License 3398
8 Insurance 18,689
A Total 10,23,298
B Total Interest on Fixed Capital @ 11,90,309.24
10%
A+B Total Fixed Cost (Rs) 22,13,607.24
C Fixed Cost/kg(Rs) 23.30
a)Interest On Fixed Capital @ 10% rate On Rs 1,19,03,092.4= 1,19,03,092.4 ×10
100
Interest On Fixed Capital @ 10% rate =Rs 11,90,309.24
b) Total Fixed Cost = Rs 22,13,607.24
c)Fixed Cost/kg = Total Fixed Cost

Total Quantity
= 22,13,607.24
95,000
Fixed Cost/ kg =Rs 23.30

Estimation Of Variable Cost For Spray Dried Banana Powder:
Sr.No. Particulars Amount
1 Purchase Of Raw Material 1,92,67,000
2 Electric Charges 6,11,640
3 Repairing & Maintenance Charges 3058.2
4 Wages 6,11,640
5 Packaging Charges 1,78,600
6 Loss In Processing @ 1 % 4,98,750
7 Miscellaneous 2,548.5
8 Fuel (Coal) 6,11,640
A Total 2,17,85,325.7
B Total Interest on Variable Capital @ 12% 26,14,239.12
A+B Total Variable Cost (Rs) 2,43,99,565.12
C Variable Cost/kg(Rs) 256.83

a)Loss in Processing @1%= Total Gross Income × 1
100
= 4,98,75,000× 1
100
= Rs 4,98,750
b)Interest On Variable Cost @ 12% rate On Rs 2,17,85,325.7= 2,17,85,325.7×12

100
Interest On Variable Cost @ 12% rate =Rs 26,14,239.12
c) Total Variable Cost = Rs 2,43,99,565.12
d) Variable Cost/kg = Total Variable Cost

Total Quantity
= 2,43,99,565.12
95,000
Variable Cost/kg =Rs 256.83

Estimation Of Total Cost For Spray Dried Banana Powder:
a)Total Cost Of Processing = Total Fixed Cost + Total Variable Cost
Total Cost Of Processing = 22,13,607.24 + 2,43,99,565.12
Total Cost Of Processing = Rs 2,66,13172.36
b)Per Kg Cost Of Processing :- = Total Cost of Processing

Total Quantity
Per Kg Cost Of Processing = 2,66,13172.36
95,000
Per Kg Cost Of Processing =Rs 280.13
Estimation Of Profitability For Spray Dried Banana Powder:
Sr Name of product Per kg cost of Total cost of Gross Profit(Rs)

No. processing(Rs) processing(Rs income(Rs)
)
1 Spray Dried 322.17 2,66,13,172.36 4,98,75,000 2,32,61,827.64
Banana Powder
Interpretation:
Profitability Of Spray Dried Banana Powder from Estimated Capital Investmnet is
Rs 2,32,61,827.64
1. Break Even Point For Spray Dried Banana Powder:-
B) Break Even Point (In Monetary Terms )

A)Break Even Point (In Units).
BEP= Total Fixed Cost

BEP= Total Fixed Cost
Price/ Kg − Variable Cost /Kg 1− Variable Cost /Kg
BEP = 22,13,607.24 Price/kg
525 – 256.83 BEP = 22.13,607.24

1-256.83
BEP = 8,229 kg
525
BEP =Rs 43,33,608.53
Interpretation:
Interpretation:
8,229 kg of spray dried banana powder
Rs. 43,33,608.53 revenue should be generated from
is needed to cover the fixed and variable
spray dried banana powder to cover total
expences.
expenses.
2. Margin Of Safety For Banana Powder :-
The Excess Of Production Over The Break Even Point Is Called As Margin Of Safety. A High
Margin Of Safety Indicates That The Enterprise Will Make Profits Even If There Is A Fall In The
Output.
B)Margin Of Safety (In Monetary Terms )

A)Margin Of Safety (In Units)
MOS = Gross
MOS = Total Production - Output At BEP
Income – BEP In Rupees
MOS = 95,000 – 8,229
MOS =
MOS = 86,711 kg
4,98,75,000– 43,33,608.53
MOS = Rs 4,55,41,391.47
Interpretation: Interpretation:
86,711 kg of spray dried banana powder is Rs. 4,55,41,391.47 revenue is additional revenue
excess over the BEP which means that the over the BEP.
additional quantity of spray dried banana
powder over the BEP.
3. Benefit-Cost ratio :-
B-C ratio = Gross Income
Total Cost of Production
B-C ratio = 4,98,75,000

2,66,13,172.36
B-C ratio = 1.87
Interpretation: It indicate,when processor invest 1 rupee she gets 87 paisa from his
investment.
4. Net Present Worth (NPW):
Sr. Initial Total Cost Gross D.F. @

Year Net Income NPW
No. Investment Income 12%
1 2018 1,19,03,092.4 61,63,050 1,15,50,000 -65,16,142.4 0.8929 -58,18,263.54
33,61,663
2 2019 63,00,000 29,38,337 0.7972 23,42,442.2
3 2020 29,41,455 55,12,500 25,71,045 0.7118 18,30,069.8
4 2021 1,59,67,902 2,99,25,000 1,39,57,098 0.6355 88,69,735.8
5 2022 2,66,13,172.36 4,98,75,000 2,32,61,828 0.5674 1,31,98,761.2
Total 2,04,22,745.5
5. Internal Rate of Return (IRR):
Initial
Sr. Gross D.F. @ D.F. @
Year Investm Net Income 18% NPW
No. Total Cost Income 12% NPW @ 18%
ent
1 2018 1,19,03,092.4 61,63,050 1,15,50,000 -65,16,142.4 0.8929 0.8474 -58,18,263.54 -55,21,779
2 2019 33,61,663 63,00,000 29,38,337 0.7972 0.7181 23,42,442.2 21,10,019
3 2020 29,41,455 55,12,500 25,71,045 0.7118 0.6086 18,30,069.8 15,64,737.9
4 2021 1,59,67,90 2,99,25,000 1,39,57,098 0.6355 0.515 88,69,73 71,97,6

2 7 5.8 75.4
5 2022 2,66,13,172.36 4,98,75,000 2,32,61,828 0.5674 0.4371 1,31,98,761.2 1,01,67,747
Total 2,04,22,745.5 1,55,18,401.1

IRR = Lower Discount Rate + Difference Between Two Discount Rate At Two Discount
Rate× NPW at Lower Discount Rate
[Absolute Difference Between NPW]
= 12+(18-12)× 2,04,22,745.5
49,04,344.4
IRR=36.6
Interpretation: IRR is greater than current bank rate hence project is financially feasible.
6. Payback Period :-
Payback Period= Investmnet of Project
Annual Net Income
Payback Period=1,19,03,092.4
72,42,433.12
Payback Period=1.64
Interpretation: The Pay-Back Period Is 1 Year, 6 Month And 4 Days For

A.K. Agro Food Processing Pvt Ltd.
7. SWOT Analysis:- `
III. Opportunities
I. Strengths
1)Large crop and material base offering a vast potential
1)Abundant availability of raw material for agro processing activities
2)Priority sector status for agro-processing given by the 2)Setting of Agri-export zone (AEZ) and food parks for
central Government providing added incentive to develop green field
3)Vast network of manufacturing facilities all over the projects
country 3)Rising income levels and changing consumption
patterns
II. Weaknesses 4)Favourable demographic profile and changing
lifestyles.
1)Low availability of adequate infrastructural facilities
2)Lack of adequate quality control and testing methods as per IV. Threats
international standards
3)Inefficient supply chain due to a large number of 1)High inventory carrying cost
intermediaries 2)High raw material cost
4)Higher requirement of working capital. 3)High packaging cost
5)Inadequately developed linkages between Research
organizations and industry.
5)Seasonality of raw material
8. Problems and Suggestion
Problems faced by A.K. Agro Food Processing Pvt. Ltd.
1) Availability of Raw Material: The prices of Fruits and Vegetables were increased since the increase from
past 2 years. Hence the cost of production was increased. Seasonal Availability of Raw material affect
growth of small-scale industry.
2)Transportation Issues: Poor Transportation Facilities is main problem. It requires proper packaging
therefore it increases cost of transportation.
3)Advertisement: Though their products are popular in domestic market but due to less advertisement it’s
not reached out of local market deeply.
4)High Competition: There are many Competitors of A.K. Agro products which affects the growth of
Industry.
Suggestions to Overcome the Problems Faced by the A.K. Agro Food Processing Pvt. Ltd.
1)They should focus on an advertisement through various promotional activities viz. advertisement through
newspapers, F.M. channels, by some attractive offers.
2)They should Store the Seasonal Fruits which will give them continue availability of raw materials.
3)They should meet the quality requirement of the clients to overcome over competitors and make progress.
4)Distribution network should be increased to different regions in Nashik district as well as Maharashtra so as to
get large consumer responses
9. Summary and Conclusions
Summary:
1)Initial investment required for Spray dried Banana powder of A.K. Agro Food Processing Pvt. Ltd. is
₨.1,19,03,092.4/-
2)Raw material cost required for of Spray dried Banana powder of A.K. Agro Food Processing Pvt. Ltd. is
₨.1,92,67,449/-
3)Total salary and wages expenses required for Spray dried Banana powder of A.K. Agro Food Processing Pvt. Ltd. is
₨. 11,31,534 /-
4)From the study of cost of production of Spray dried Banana powder, it was observed that the fixed cost per kg was
₨.23.30 /- and variable cost per kg was ₨.256.83 /- and per kg total cost of production was ₨. 280.13 /-
5)From financial study it was observed that gross income of Spray Dried Banana
Powder of A.K. Agro Food Processing Pvt. Ltd. was ₨. 4,98,75,000/-
6)From the B: C ratio, it shows that, when entrepreneur invests 1 rupee then he gets additional 87 Paise from that
investment. From B: C ratio analysis it was observed that B: C ratio was more than one, it reveals that production of
Spray dried Banana powder of A.K. Agro Food Processing Pvt Ltd. is financially feasible.
Conclusion
Out of total agriculture production that is 272 million tones, around 8percent of produce get processed. It reveals
that food processing have vast scope in agriculture. It was reveals that the sufficient amounts of resources were available
in the region of AK Agro Food Industry and they were used in efficient manner.
There were different variable cost components like raw material cost, electricity charges, repairing of machinery and
equipment, total wages, fuel charges, packaging cost. Out of those it was observed that raw material component
required highest cost.The company has great scope to improve their promotional activities to generate high sales. The
company runs well in small organization structure and made more profit.The margin of safety is higher from BEP
which indicates A.K. Agro Food Processing will make profit even if there is fall in production.
10. Experience Gained :
1)Gained knowledge about processing of spray dried powder of various fruits and vegetables .
2)Gained experience working with different types of powder formulations, understanding the process of powder
production, and working with material and equipment used in the industry .
3)Enabled me to put theory-based learning into practice.
4)How to Build relationship with the right people .
5)Closely observed the various risk involved in the business-like financial risk , production risk, technological risk,
operational risk, etc.
6)Learned about how the processing industry runs, how to manage all the important aspects of a particular processing
industry such as management of human resources, procurement of raw materials, supply chain management and total
quality management, etc.
7)Understood the importance of processing industry in India, it’s concentration to the prosperity and development of
village, society and whole nation ultimately.
11. Photographs:
Receiving of Raw Material

Labelling of Powder
Lab equipments analysis

Power control of Company
Boiler Room of Company
Main Building of Company
Res. Mr. Tripathi sir

(Manager of Company)
THANK YOU

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WELCOME

K.K. WAGH COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE BUSINESS MANAGEMENT,

AFFILIATED TO MAHATMA PHULE KRISHI VIDHYAPEETH,RAHURI

Presented to: Presentation By :

RURAL AWARENESS WORK EXPERIENCE

Socio-Economic Survey of Farmer.

Marketing channels and marketing cost of commodities.

 Problems and suggestions.

1) To Study and analyse the cropping pattern of the host farmer.

2) To estimate the per hectare cost of cultivation.

3) To estimate the incomes of the different crops.

4) To study the input management done by the farmer.

5) To study the marketing channels followed by the farmer.

 Major Crops Grown in the Village:

 Profile of Host Farmer:

Sr. No Name Gender Relation With Age Education Occupation

2) Chandrakala Prabhakar Rikame Female Wife 50 10th Pass House Wife

3) Bhausaheb Prabhakar Rikame Male Son 35 BSC Farmer

4) Jayashri Bhausaheb Rikame Female Daughter-in-law 27 12th Pass House Wife

5) Ganesh Prabhakar Rikame Male Son 30 BSC Farmer

6) Sakshi Ganesh Rikame Female Daughter-in-law 21 12th Pass House wife

7) Shivanya Bhausaheb Rikame Female Grand-daughter 04 Jr. KG _

8) Shivtej Bhausaheb Rikame Male Grand-son 01 - -

9) Shreeja Ganesh Rikame Female Grand-daughter 01 - -

Sr. No Plot/Survey No Area (Ha) Soil Type Present Value

Livestock of Host Farmer:

Sr. No Source Number Area Irrigated(Ha)

Sr. No Category Type of Year of Present Value

Sr. No Particulars Quantity Present Value

Sr. No Season Crops Variety Area(Ha) Yield per plot Gross

Result- The Cropping Intensity is greater than 100%, Which shows

Depreciation=Purchase Value - Junk Value

Present Value=Purchase Value – Total Depreciation

Gross Cropped Area = 2.6 Ha

Sr. No Crop Plot Area(Ha) Depreciation (Rs)

Interest on Fixed Capital = 15,28,835 ×10

Interest on Fixed Capital is Rs 1,52,883.5

Crop Wise Interest on Fixed Capital:

Interest on Fixed Capital is Rs 1,52,883.5

Crop Wise Incidental Charges:

Sr. No Crop Plot Area(Ha) Incidental Charges

Sr. No Crop Plot Area(Ha) Land Revenue (Rs)

Total Electricity Bill = Rs 13,000

Crop Wise Overhead Cost:

1) Okra 0.40 4764.2 23,520.6 585 7055.4 169

a) Female Days 15 250 3750 18.75 250 4,687.5

Sr. No . Item of Cost Unit Per Plot Per Hectare

Qty Rate Value (Rs) Value

3) i)Owned Machinery Used Hour 9.5 250 2375 2,968.75

4) i)Seed Purchased kg 50 92 4600 5,750

11) Interest on Working Capital Rs - - 3089.4 3,861.7

12) Total Operational Cost Rs - - 28,834 36,042.5

17) Total Fixed cost Rs - - 81,294.4 1,01,618

18) Total Cost (12+17) Rs - - 1,10,128.4 1,37,660.5

29) Rental Value of Owned Land – Land Rs - - 24,049 30,061.2

Sr. No Item Unit Per Plot Per

1) Main Qt 28 5200 145600 1,82,000

Sr. No Particulars Formula Solution

1) Farm Business Income Gross Income – Cost A1 1,48,350– 36,517.6

3) Farm Investment Income FBI – Imputed Value of 1,11,832.4 – 0

5) B:C Ratio Gross Income / Cost C1 1,48,350 / 1,11,513.8

6) Per Quintal Cost of Production (Cost C1 –Value of by (1,11513.8 – 2750) / 28

7) Per Hectare Cost of Cultivation Cost C1 / Area(Ha) =1,11,513.8/ 0.80