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TODAY’S BRIEFING
How Advanced Automation
Ensures Integrity Across the
Carbon Capture Value Chain
Emerson Virtual Media Briefing – September 13, 2023
Media Briefing Logistics

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Emerson Virtual Media
Briefing Series: Sustainability How Advanced Automation
Ensures Integrity Across the
Providing media with insights about
how automation helps industries
Carbon Capture Value Chain
achieve their sustainability and
decarbonization goals

PAST MEDIA BRIEFINGS SETH HARRIS GERARDO MUÑOZ

Director of Sustainability, Sr. Solutions Marketing
Americas Manager
Renewable Biofuels
Hydrogen Value Chain

4
Emerson’s Environmental
Sustainability Framework

GREENING OF GREENING BY GREENING WITH

How we improve our How we support and enable our How we foster
internal environmental customers’ decarbonization and collaboration among
sustainability performance. environmental sustainability efforts. stakeholders.

5
Emerson’s Greening By Priorities

ENERGY SOURCE ENERGY & EMISSIONS ELECTRIFICATION & CIRCULARITY &

DECARBONIZATION MANAGEMENT GRID SYSTEMS WASTE REDUCTION
Low-carbon power (solar, Emissions monitoring & Smart grid & network New molecules
wind, hydro, nuclear, control management production
biomass) (Bio-based materials
Carbon capture, Energy transport &
Low carbon fuels utilization, storage & storage Materials & minerals
(biofuels, biogas, LNG) removal recycling & circulation
Workforce safety &
Hydrogen & hydrogen- Advanced controls, productivity Water & waste
based fuels analytics & simulation management
Critical minerals value
chains

Emerson 2022 ESG Report

6
TODAY’S BRIEFING
How Advanced Automation Ensures Integrity
Across the Carbon Capture Value Chain
CCS/CCUS Offers Viable Role in Meeting Net Zero Targets

Carbon capture represents an estimated Carbon capture at a point source has a dramatically higher
15% of total CO2 reductions by 2070 concentration of CO2; However, direct air capture is a way to
remove existing emissions
Global energy sector CO2 emissions reductions

-5
Direct Point
Air Source
-10 Capture Capture
-15
GtCO2 per year

-20

-25

-30
CCUS
-35

-40
2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 2055 2060 2065 2070

Avoided demand Hydrogen Bioenergy Other renewables

Electrificaton Other fuel shifts Technology performance CCUS

Source: IEA
 Advanced CCS:
Nexus of Demand,
Investment and Adoption
CHALLENGES ACCELERATORS

Cost per Sector

Public Policy

Natural Gas Processing

DEMAND FOR ECONOMIC
Coal to Chemicals
PROSPERITY & A JUST TRANSITION
Ammonia

Bioethanol High CO2

Ethylene Oxyde
concentration Taxes & Incentives
Hydrogen (SMR)

Compression Only

Iron & Steel DEMAND DEMAND FOR

FOR ENERGY, GHG EMISSIONS
Low CO2 FERTILIZER, REDUCTION
Cement

Power Generation
concentration STEEL, CEMENT,
CHEMICALS, etc.
SERVICES Technology
Direct Air Capture

0 100 200 300 400

Source: Global CCS Institute

Simultaneous Progress Across Value Chain
Necessary to Accelerate CCS Adoption

BUSINESS OBJECTIVE

Separate and purify Efficiently compress or Safely carry condensed Indefinitely and
complex toxic gas to yield liquify CO2 to the ideal, and liquefied CO2 to safely secure CO2 at
high purity CO2. stable state for transport. storage or utilization sites. maximum capacity.

TOP OPERATING CHALLENGES

High Equipment Transportation Safe Injection &

Energy Cost Reliability Performance Containment
 Capture & Purification: Process Overview

Post-combustion Capture
Process Overview

1. Flue gas from plant desulfurized.

2. Flue gas rises in absorber. Solvent
drops down as CO2 binds to the
solvent.
3. Rich solvent is heated in the heat
exchanger using steam energy.
4. Stripper separates solvent from CO2.
5. Lean solvent is recycled and sent
back to absorber.
6. Pure CO2 is captured.

Separate and purify complex toxic gas to yield high purity CO .

2
Capture & Purification:
An Energy Intensive Set of Processes
HOW TO ACHIEVE
COST INTEGRITY

Inefficient process performance due Streamlining engineering

to poor design, asset failure or process and process design
variability
Reduce pre-treatment consumption
Variable CO2 feedstock causes poor
capture rate, excess processing Increasing efficiency
Business Objective of heat transfer
Short-lived filtration media due to
Separate and purify overuse
complex toxic gas to Increased reboiler efficiency
yield high purity CO2. Inefficient, unstable steam production
Balancing capture
Heat exchanger fouling, freezing or rate vs. energy use
High Energy Cost plugging causing heat losses
 Streamline Process Design
Operational Challenges
• Costs & efficiency limit project
viability and commercialization
• Scale-up & system integration
require higher costs and risk
mitigations
• Performance incongruencies
between process models and
real-time conditions
• Operators lack first-hand
experience and are forced to
learn “on the job”
Value Enablers Impact / Outcomes
AspenTech Performance Engineering helps to reduce Increase project viability &
risks & optimize equipment designs, layout and cost. support financial decisions with
99% accuracy
Ability to Influence Cost Cash Flow
Total Cost
Cut design time 50% and
Established execution by 30%
Start-up
Establish digital foundation for
optimum lifetime performance
Emerson’s digital twin Identify and predict issues
solutions provide dynamic
simulations that model Train operators without impacting
physical environments to the running processes
give valuable foresight into
operations. Reduce cost and risk of
improving operations
 Improve Heat Transfer Efficiency
Operational Challenges
• Reduced throughput from
inefficient heat transfer can
hinder overall plant capacity
and higher energy costs
• Captured CO2 rework due to
off-spec product
• Operational decisions to identify and
correct root-cause of performance
deviations can be complex and time
consuming to identify
• Increased/unplanned downtime
negatively impact overall carbon
capture
• Missed emission reduction targets
Value Enablers Impact / Outcomes
Emerson’s portfolio of wireless devices provide a Identify process inefficiencies /
complete picture of heat transfer process performance. issues earlier with pervasive
sensing
Real-time data prevents off-spec
product and rework
Emerson’s Plantweb Insight Heat Exchange application Reliable, predictive diagnostics
provides in-depth monitoring for shell and tube heat based on first principles give
exchangers. foresight to address operational
issues
Reduced energy costs
Uptime is optimized to meet
environmental goals and
maximize revenue
 Balance Capture Rate and Energy Use
Operational Challenges
• Feedstock flow rate can vary
dramatically
• Plant operations are intertwined
• Operational deviations are not
intuitive to manage
• Sequential processes in the capture
process interact in complex ways
• Incoming gas composition can vary
dramatically
• Fluid concentration measurements
are not easily obtainable
• Capture operations need to adjust
as close to “real-time” as possible
Value Enablers Impact / Outcomes
Emerson’s DeltaV control system is enhanced by 10% reduction in energy
AspenTech adaptive and predictive advanced process or consumption
state-based control.
>50% improved overall stability
No APC Stabilize Optimise
of carbon capture process
Emerson’s line of gas analyzers and density instruments Reduced response time from
provide precise results to optimize the entire capture process. gas analyses enables tighter
optimization of capture
processes
Real-time concentration
monitoring provides advance
warning in solvent regeneration /
recharging
 Compression & Liquefaction: Process Overview

Liquefaction Process

1. CO2 moves through a series of

compressors, or compressor train,
to increase pressure.
2. Intercoolers lower the CO2
temperature prior to the next
stage of compression and to
condense out the water or other
contaminants.
3. Fluid exits compression clean of
contaminants, including water,
and in the proper state for
transport.

Efficiently compress or liquify CO2 to the ideal, stable state for transport.​
Compression & Liquefaction:
Preparing CO2 for Transportation
HOW TO ACHIEVE
EQUIPMENT INTEGRITY

“Run to failure” reactive maintenance Monitor rotating equipment

strategies
Implement preventative & predictive
Poor visibility to wear and tear on maintenance
critical assets (pumps, compressors,
etc.)
Lessen impact
Business Objective of corrosion
Nature of process contributes to
Efficiently compress or accelerated corrosion
liquify CO2 to the ideal,
stable state for transport. Equipment performance can create CO2
phase instability
(liquid vs. solid vs. gas)
Equipment Reliability
 Rotating Equipment and Corrosion Monitoring
Operational Challenges
• Complex, multi-stage process is
challenging to control
• Fluid instability may exacerbate
mechanical stresses
• Heightened awareness for safe
operations when operating at high
pressures
• Pressure containment risks can go
unnoticed until failure occurs
Value Enablers Impact / Outcomes
Emerson’s suite of vibration monitoring hardware and Vibration analytics take the
software provide real-time monitoring and analysis to guess work out of predicting
prevent failures on critical equipment failures
Reduce installed cost and
enhanced monitoring /
analytics for remote assets
Emerson’s inline and external corrosion monitoring Increased safety thru early
solutions provide early detection of safety or detection of potential pipe or
containment risks vessel failures
Reduced risk of captured gas
leaking into atmosphere
 Transportation: Process Overview

Transportation Process

1. Transport stable CO2 in the

desired state for accurate custody
transfer and fiscal measurement.
2. Continuously monitor pipeline and
associated asset health and
performance.
3. Efficiently manage wide
area operations with real-
time monitoring and control to
avoid safety events,
product contamination, leaks,
spills, product loss and false
alarms.

Safely carry condensed and liquefied CO to storage or utilization sites.

2
Transportation:
Product & Measurement Integrity
HOW TO ACHIEVE
PRODUCT INTEGRITY

• CO2 can solidify due to Maintain ideal CO2 state

temperature and pressure
fluctuations
Enable custody transfer
• Pipeline inefficiencies restrict
flow, reduce capacity
• Over- or under-
Business Objective pressurization compromises pro
Safely carry condensed and
duct integrity
liquefied CO2 to storage or • Undetected corrosion leads to
utilization sites. ruptures and contaminants
• Inaccurate custody transfer
Transportation compromises measurements for
Performance financial transaction and
transparent regulatory reporting
 Custody Transfer Measurement
Operational Challenges
• Fluid phase changes can cause
inaccurate flow measurement
• Flow range requirements can
vary dramatically seasonally
and asset to asset
• Measurement accuracy and
validation is paramount as the
“cash register” for transactions
between two parties
• Multiple skids can cause
integration irregularities for
CO2 measurement points
Value Enablers Impact / Outcomes
Emerson’s suite of flow measurement equipment provide Flow meter diagnostics alert to
flexibility to accurately and repeatably measure CO 2 process disruptions and
prevent measurement
inaccuracies
Accurate measurement across
a wide-range of flow rates
Emerson’s engineered flow measurement systems provide Engineered systems ensure
turnkey solutions for accurate, verifiable measurement of CO 2 confidence in financial
transactions
Turnkey solution ensures
system interoperability from
design to startup and long-term
operations
 Geological Storage: Process Overview

Geological Storage
Process Overview

1. Study geological candidate sites

and begin exploration permitting.
2. Interpret seismic and well data to
select storage location.
3. Prove long-term CO2 containment
and minimal impact of operations.
4. Obtain regulatory approvals.
5. Develop the storage field and
engineer drilling/injection project.
6. Begin safe injection of CO2 and
monitor operations.
7. Track CO2 underground
displacement over time to ensure
permanent geological storage and
report to stakeholders.
Indefinitely and safely secure CO2 at maximum capacity.
Geological Storage: Performance Integrity
HOW TO ACHIEVE
Compromised physical security of PERFORMANCE INTEGRITY
geological formation due to faults,
fractures, or improperly sealed wells Assessing geological
storage characterization
Environmental damage and safety
risks due to leakage Custody transfer

Induced seismicity, or earthquakes,

due to inaccurate volumes of CO2 injection Monitoring and
Business Objective controlling injection
Indefinitely and safely Inability to secure government
secure CO2 at maximum permits due to incomplete and/or Tank gauging and management
capacity. inaccurate characterization of the reservoir

Increased risks from leakage pathways,

Safe Injection &
pressure build up and induced
Containment
seismicity due to inability to predict CO2
plume behavior
 Assess and Monitor Geological Characteristics

Operational Challenges Value Enablers Impact / Outcomes

• Site selection is highly dependent on AspenTech’s Confidently select locations
geology Subsurface Science and support permit applications
& Engineering
• High risks & uncertainties with CO2 software assesses Engineer projects to de-risk
geological storage across lifecycle storage capacity, geological storage and
injectivity and maximize CO2 volume
containment for
successful carbon Ensure a safe and permanent
storage projects. carbon storage over time.

• Downhole pressure and temperature Roxar Downhole Operational decisions are

are inferred in many cases Pressure
& Temperature
• Variance in formation properties can Gauges provide
lead poor operational decisions accurate, precise, real-
time measurements are
crucial to reservoir
operations
based on real-time
measurements
Continuous monitoring provides
valuable data for increased
well integrity over the life of
operations
 Monitor and Control Injection Facility

Operational Challenges Value Enablers Impact / Outcomes

• Extreme operating conditions cause
excessive wear and tear on
equipment
• Fluid properties require tighter control
to maintain injection rates and
integrity from surface to permanent
storage
Emerson’s complete Selecting the correct control
line of severe service valve prevents leaks and
valves ensure reliable reduces the risk for safety
operations in the incidents
toughest of
applications Tight flow control for liquefied /
supercritical CO2 protects the
process even during process
excursions

• Poor performance or unplanned Emerson’s DeltaV Precise, reliable control of

downtime will have ripple effects on advanced process
upstream operations control solutions
ensures safe operations
• Complex system dynamics are with visibility to mitigate
challenging for an operator to negative impacts to
quickly and safely act upon surface or subsurface
operations.
surface equipment reduces
failures from complex
subsurface operations
Integration with simulation and
engineering software provide
confidence for operational
decisions
CCS is at the Nexus of Opportunity to Achieve
Our Decarbonization Goals

BUSINESS OBJECTIVE

Separate and purify Efficiently compress or Safely carry condensed Indefinitely and
complex toxic gas to yield liquify CO2 to the ideal, and liquefied CO2 to safely secure CO2 at
high purity CO2. stable state for transport. storage or utilization sites. maximum capacity.

TOP OPERATING CHALLENGES

High Equipment Transportation Safe Injection &

Energy Cost Reliability Performance Containment
How Advanced Automation Ensures Integrity
Across the CCS Value Chain Virtual Media Briefing

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