Course EE501 : Electrical Machines – II

Detailed Syllabus:
Module 1: Three phase Induction Machines (18 Hours) Polyphase induction machine: Brief overview,
construction, rotating magnetic field, simplified theory with constant flux, equivalent circuit, vector
diagram, torque slip curve, power slip curve, effects of rotor resistance; frequency changer, circle
diagram, performance calculations using circle diagram, performance test, starting, braking. Stability
issues, crawling and cogging, high torque motors, harmonic torque, speed control methods, single
phasing, rotor circuit unbalance, commissioning tests, relevant IS specifications, selection of motors.
Induction generators: operating principle, implications and uses.
Module2: Synchronous Generator (10 Hours) Synchronous Generator: principle of operation,
construction, windings; excitation systems, emf equation, generated emf of 3-phase generator, pitch
factor, distribution factor, different reactances, armature reaction, equivalent circuit, regulation:
synchronous impedance method, old AIEE method, Potier reactance method. Parallel operation of
synchronous generators, Synchronising techniques, phasor diagram, synchronizing current, torque,
Load - frequency curve.
Module 3: Synchronous Motor (6 Hours) Synchronous motor: starting, phasor diagram,
characteristics, torque-angle relationship, uses. Synchronous condenser: steady state operation, uses.
Salient pole machine: two reaction theory, direct axis and quadrature axis reactances, phasor
diagram, Torque-angle characteristic.
Module 4: Fractional Horse Power and Special Motors (8 Hours) Single-phase induction Motor, BLDC,
SRM, PMSM, Stepper Motor: constructional features, principle of operation and applications.
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 Course EE501 : Electrical Machines – II

Text/References:
1. A. F. Puchstein and T.C. Lloyd, “Alternating Current Machines”, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
2. G. S. Brosan and J. T. Hayden “Advanced Electrical Power and Machines”,
3. D. V. Richardson, “Rotating electric machinery and transformer technology”, PHI.
4. T. Wildi “Electrical Machines, Drive, and Power Systems”
5. M. G. Say, “Performance and design of AC machines”, CBS Publishers.
6. A.S. Langsdorf, “Alternating current machines”, McGraw Hill Education, 1984.
7. A. E. Fitzgerald and C. Kingsley, "Electric Machinery”, New York, McGraw Hill Education.
8. C.I. Hubert, “Electric Machines: Theory, Operating Applications and Control”, Pearson
9. I. L. Kosow, “Electric Machinery & Transformers”, PHI
10. P. C. Sen, “Principles of Electric Machines and Power Electronics”, John Wiley & Sons,
2007.

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 A rotating machines that rotate at a speed
fixed by the supply frequency and the number of
poles are called synchronous machines.
A synchronous machine is one, in which a perfect
constant relationship exists between the speed,
frequency and the number of poles.
A synchronous machine rotates at a constant
speed called synchronous speed.
The alternator is called a synchronous
generator.
A synchronous generator is an electrical machine
producing alternating emf of constant frequency.
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Different parts of synchronous machines 5
 Type of Synchronous machines

According to the arrangement of

armature and field winding, the
synchronous machines are classified as

1. Rotating armature type and

2. Rotating field type

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 Advantages of Rotating Field System

1. Armature voltage
2. Field voltage
3. Size of slip ring
4. Number of slip rings
5. Mechanical vibrations
6. Operation of slip rings
7. Size of the machine
8. Cooling

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 Type of Synchronous machines

Based on the type of the prime movers

1. Hydrogenerators : The generators which are driven
by hydraulic turbines are called hydrogenerators.
These are run at lower speeds less than 1000 rpm.

2. Turbogenerators: These are the generators driven

by steam turbines. These generators are run at
very high speed of 1500rpm or above.

3. Engine driven Generators: These are driven by IC

engines. These are run at a speed less than 1500
rpm.

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 Type of Synchronous machines

According to the operation and rotor construction

1. Cylindrical-rotor or Round rotor machines
2. Salient-pole machines

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Cylindrical-Rotor Synchronous Machine

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Stator frame 13
Stator core 14
Stator lamination 15
Stator segment of a lamination

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Stator core and stator windings placed in stator slots 18
Stator windings placed in stator slots 19
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Stator windings of a salient pole alternator 21
Rotor core of a large cylindrical-rotor alternator22
Rotor with conductor placed in the slots 23
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Rotor of a salient pole alternator 25
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Pole body Pole with field coils

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 Synchronous Generators:
 This is the most common use for AC voltage generation.

 Synchronous Motors:
This motor are costly than induction motors, synchronous motors are
usually use for:
 Loads requiring true constant speed
 Powe factor correction

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