Schizophrenia

PRESENTED BY:-
Ms. NEHA SHARMA
M.SC. (N) 1st year
HCN, SRHU
INTRODUCTION:-
It comes from the Greek roots schizo (split) and phrene
(mind).
The term “schizophrenia” was first used in 1911 by a
Swiss psychiatrist, Eugen Bleuler.
Bleuler used this name to emphasize the mental
confusion and fragmented thinking characteristic of
people with the illness.
Schizophrenia affects approximately 24 million people or
1 in 300 people (0.32%) worldwide (1 in 222 people
/0.45%)
Peak age of onset is (15-25 yrs in male) & (20-30yrs in
female).
Incidence:- more in men than women.
This disorder that affects a person’s ability to think, feel and
behave clearly.

The exact cause of schizophrenia isn’t known, but a

combination of genetics, environment and altered brain
chemistry and structure may play a role.

Schizophrenia is characterised by thoughts or experiences that

seem out of touch with reality, disorganised speech or
behaviour and decreased participation in daily activities.
Difficulty with concentration and memory may also be present.

Treatment is usually lifelong and often involves a combination

of medications, psychotherapy and coordinated speciality care
services.
 DEFINITION:-

Psychotic disorders are severe mental disorders that cause

abnormal thinking and perceptions. People with psychoses lose
touch with reality. Two of the main symptoms are delusions and
hallucinations. Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized
by disruptions in thought processes, perceptions, emotional
responsiveness, and social interactions.
Clinical Manifestations:-
• Positive Symptoms:-Any change in behaviour or
thoughts, such as hallucinations or delusions. negative
symptoms – where people appear to withdraw from the
world around then, take no interest in everyday social
interactions, and often appear emotionless and flat.

• Negative Symptoms:- Where people appear to withdraw

from the world around then, take no interest in everyday
social interactions, and often appear emotionless and
flat.
TYPES OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
1.Paranoid schizophrenia

This is the most common type of schizophrenia. It may

develop later in life than other forms. Symptoms include
hallucinations and/or delusions, but your speech and
emotions may not be affected.
2. Catatonic schizophrenia

This is the rarest schizophrenia diagnosis, characterised by

unusual, limited and sudden movements. You may often switch
between being very active or very still. You may not talk much,
and you may mimic other’s speech and movement.
3. Hebephrenic schizophrenia

Also known as ‘disorganised schizophrenia’, this type of

schizophrenia typically develops between 15-25 years old.
Symptoms include disorganised behaviours and thoughts,
alongside short-lasting delusions and hallucinations. You may
have disorganised speech patterns and others may find it
difficult to understand you.
4. Undifferentiated schizophrenia

Diagnosis may have some signs of paranoid, hebephrenic or

catatonic schizophrenia, but it doesn’t obviously fit into one of
these types alone.
5. Residual schizophrenia

It may be diagnosed with residual schizophrenia if you have a

history of psychosis, but only experience the negative
symptoms (such as slow movement, poor memory, lack of
concentration and poor hygiene
6.Cenesthopathic schizophrenia
People with cenesthopathic schizophrenia experience unusual
bodily sensations.

7.Unspecified schizophrenia
Symptoms meet the general conditions for a diagnosis but do not
fit into any of the above categories.

8.Simple schizophrenia
Simple schizophrenia is rarely diagnosed Negative symptoms
(such as slow movement, poor memory, lack of concentration
and poor hygiene) are most prominent early and worsen, while
positive symptoms (such as hallucinations, delusions,
disorganised thinking) are rarely experienced.
SUMMARY:-

Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by

disruptions in thought processes, perceptions, emotional
responsiveness, and social interactions. Although the
course of schizophrenia varies among individuals,
schizophrenia is typically persistent and can be both severe
and disabling. There are five types of symptoms
characteristic of schizophrenia: delusions, hallucinations,
disorganized speech, disorganized ehaviour, and the so-
called “negative” symptoms. However, the symptoms of
schizophrenia vary dramatically from person to person,
both in pattern and severity.
CONCLUSION:-

A disorder that affects a person’s ability to think, feel

and behave clearly.The exact cause of schizophrenia
isn’t known, but a combination of genetics,
environment and altered brain chemistry and
structure may play a role.
Schizophrenia is characterised by thoughts or
experiences that seem out of touch with reality,
disorganised speech or behaviour and decreased
participation in daily activities.
‘I HAVE SCHIZOPHRENIA THAT MEANS EVERYONE THINKS I AM A
MONSTER’.

THANK YOU