Curriculum Development

4. Teacher
as a Knower
Mark Kenneth N. Acosta March 16, 2024
Teacher must be a Knower
As a teacher, one has to master what are included in the
curriculum.

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 The Teacher as a Knower of Curriculum

• Philippines Shift to K to 12 Curriculum

• Nature Deficit Syndrome on the rise among School Children
• Teachers are reluctant to teach beyond the Written Curriculum
• Co-curricular Activities: Learning Opportunities or Distraction?
• Parent Get Involved in School Learning

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 The Teacher as a Knower of Curriculum

Curriculum
Originates from Latin word “currere”
referring to the oval track upon Roman chariots raced.

-The New International Dictionary

“the whole body of a course in an educational
institution or by a department.”

-Oxford Dictionary
“courses taught in schools or universities.”

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“Curriculum means different things to different people”
 The Teacher as a Knower of Curriculum
Curriculum

• “A planned and guided set of learning experiences and intended outcomes, formulated
through the systematic reconstruction of knowledge and experiences...” (Daniel Tanner,
1980)

2. “A written document that systematically describes goals, planned, objectives, content,

learning activities, evaluation procedures and so forth.” (Pratt, 1980)

3. “The contents of a subject, concepts and tasks to be acquired, planned activities, the desired
learning outcomes and experiences, product of culture and an agenda to reform society make up
a curriculum.” (Schubert, 1987)

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“Curriculum means different things to different people”
 The Teacher as a Knower of Curriculum
Curriculum

Curriculum Point of Views:

Traditional vs. Progressive

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 The Teacher as a Knower of Curriculum

Curriculum from Traditional Points of Veiw

“”Permanent students” where rules of
grammar, reading, rhetoric, logic and
mathematics for basic education are
emphasized.” (emphasis added)

The 3Rs: Reading, Writing, ‘Rithmetic) should

be emphasized in basic education while liberal
education should be the emphasis in college.

Robert M. Hutchins (1899-1977),

American Educational Philosopher 8
 The Teacher as a Knower of Curriculum

Curriculum from Traditional Points of Veiw

“Curriculum should focus on the fundamental

intellectual disciplines of grammar, literature
and writing. It should include mathematics,
science, history and foreign language.”
(emphasis added)

Arthur Bestor (1908- 1994)

Academic Historian 9
 The Teacher as a Knower of Curriculum

Curriculum from Traditional Points of Veiw

“Curriculum is a discipline, thus the
subject areas such as Science,
Mathematics, Social Studies, English
and many more.” (emphasis added)

He coined the word discipline as a

ruling doctrine for curriculum
development.
Joseph Schwab (1909-1988)
Education & Natural Science Professor
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 The Teacher as a Knower of Curriculum

Curriculum from Traditional Points of Veiw

“Asserts that curriculum should consist
entirely of knowledge which comes
from various disciplines.” (emphasis
added)

Philip Phenix (1915-2002)

Philosophy and Education Professor
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 The Teacher as a Knower of Curriculum

Curriculum from Traditional Points of View

Curriculum can be defined as a field of study

Highly academic and
mostly written in documents

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 The Teacher as a Knower of Curriculum

Curriculum from Progressive Points of View

“Education is experiencing.” (emphasis

added)

Reflection thinking is a means that

unifies curricular elements that is tested
by application.

John Dewey (1859-1952)

American philosopher and educator
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 The Teacher as a Knower of Curriculum

Curriculum from Progressive Points of View

“Curriculum as all experiences

children have under the guidance of
teachers.” (emphasis added)

Holin Caswell & Kenn Cambell

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 The Teacher as a Knower of Curriculum

Curriculum from Progressive Points of View

“Curriculum as sequence of potential experiences, set

up in school for the purpose of disciplining children
and youth in group ways of thinking and acting.”
(emphasis supplied)
Othaniel Smith, Willian Stanley, and Harlan Shore

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 The Teacher as a Knower of Curriculum

Curriculum from Progressive Points of View

“Curriculum as all the experiences in the

classroom which are planned and enacted
by the teacher and also by the students.”
(emphasis supplied)

Colin Marsh and George Willis

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 The Teacher as a Knower of Curriculum

Curriculum from Progressive Points of View

Curriculum is what is taught in school, a set of subjects, a

content, a program of studies, a set of materials, a sequence of
courses, a set of performance objectives, everything that goes
within the school

Curriculum is the total learning experiences of the learner,

under the guidance of the teacher.

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