GO - NAST3001 - E01 - 1 GSM Traffic Statistics Analysis-75p

GSM Traffic Statistics Analysis
Objectives
 When you finish studying this course ， you can

：
 Master ZTE traffic statistic
 Master the meaning of parameter items of common-
used traffic statistic
 Master the methods to analyze and position the
problems making use of traffic statistic
Contents
 ZTE Traffic Statistic Overview

 Definitions Of Main Traffic Statistic Parameters
 Position And Analyze Problems Making Use Of
Traffic Statistic
 Traffic Statistic Analysis Cases
ZTE Traffic Statistic Overview--The Function Of
Traffic Statistic Analysis
Optimization Traffic statistic

Data collection method analysis
Radio Network  Know network performance

Optimization index
Light  Provide clients with
adjustment
solution and optimization quantitative service guidelines
evaluation method  Monitor network performance
implementation
 Position and analyze network
problems
 Improve network running
quality
© ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved

ZTE Traffic Statistic Overview--ZTE Traffic
Statistic Introduce
Traffic
statistic
Alarm Performance Measurement

statistic index statistic
CS traffic Resource
BTS Radio A interface PS traffic
basic seizure
measurement measurement measurement measurement
measurement measurement

ZTE Traffic Statistic Overview-- Traffic Statistic
Index
 Original traffic statistic index  Synthetical traffic statistic index
 SDCCH congestion rate  Traffic-to-drop ratio
 SDCCH assignment success rate  Worst cell ratio
 SDCCH call drop rate  TCH assignment success rate (China
 TCH congestion rate Union definition)
 TCH assignment success rate  Radio connection rate
 TCH call drop rate
 Handover success rate
 Random access success rate
 Paging success rate (correlative
index)

Contents

 Definitions Of Main Traffic Statistic
Parameters
Traffic Statistic
Definitions Of Key Traffic Statistics Indicators --
SDCCH in congestion rate(%)
KPI name SDCCH blocking rate
number of SDCCH congestion*100%/Number of SDCCH call

definition
attempts
(C900060005+C900060011+C900060039)*100
V3 (6.20)
%/(C900060003+C900060010+C900060038)
C901250003+C901260003+C901270003)/
V4 (6.50)
(C901250001+C901260001+C901270001)

Signaling statistical point of SDCCH blocking
MS BTS BSC
CHL_REQ
CHL_RQD
A1
SD
CHL_ACT blocking
A2
CHL_ACT_ACK
IMM_ASS_CMD
IMM_ASS
SABM
SD assignment success
EST_IND
A3

TCH in congestion rate(exclude handover)(%)
KPI name TCH blocking rate
the number of TCH congestion (excluding handover)*100%/ the

Definition
number of TCH attempts (excluding handover).
(C900060020+C900060031+C900060043+C900060
047)*100%
V3 (6.20) /
(C900060019+C900060030+C900060042+C900060
046)
(C901260022+C901260071+C901270022+C901270
071)/
V4 (6.50) (C901260020+C901260069+C901270020+C901270
069)

Signaling statistical point of TCH blocking
MS BTS BSC MSC
ASS_CMD
B1
CHL_ACT
CHL_ACT_ACK
B2
ASS_CMD
ASS_CMD
SABM
UA EST_IND
B3
ASS_COM
ASS_COM
B4
ASS_COM

TCH in congestion rate(include handover)(%)
KPI name TCH blocking rate

the number of TCH congestion (including handover) *100/ the
Definition
number of TCH attempts (including handover).
(C900060020+C900060031+C900060043+C900060
047)*100%
V3 (6.20) /
(C900060019+C900060030+C900060042+C900060
046)
(C901260022+C901260071+C901270022+C901270
071+C901260025+C901260074+C901270025+C901
270074)/
V4 (6.50) (C901260020+C901260069+C901270020+C901270
069+C901260023+C901260072+C901270023+C901
270072)

TCH assign failure rate(%)
KPI name TCH assignment success rate
the number of TCH assignment failures /the number of TCH

Definition
attempts (including handover).
(C901260064+C901260089+C901270064+C9012700
89)/
V4 (V6.50) (C901260020+C901260069+C901270020+C9012700
69+C901260023+C901260072+C901270023+C9012
70072)

Definitions Of Key Traffic Statistics Signaling
statistical point of TCH assign failure rate(%)
MS BTS BSC MSC
ASS_CMD
B1
CHL_ACT
CHL_ACT_ACK
B2
ASS_CMD
ASS_CMD
SABM
UA EST_IND
B3
ASS_COM
ASS_COM
B4
ASS_COM

Definitions Of Key Traffic Statistics -- Signaling
statistical point of TCH assignment failure
MS
MSsends
sendsAssignment
Assignment
Failure
Failure to BSCafter
to BSC afterthe
the
assignment
assignmentfails.
fails.
After
AfterT3107
T3107expires,
expires,BSC
BSC
counts
countsassignment
assignmentfailure
failure
for one time.
for one time.

Definitions Of Key Traffic Statistics -- TCH in call
drop rate(exclude handover)(%)
KPI name TCH drop rate / Call drop rate
the number of TCH call drop /the number of TCH seizure

Definition
(excluding handover).
(C901070051+C901070052)/
V4 (V6.50) (C901260063+C901260088+C901270063+C901
270088)

Definitions Of Key Traffic Statistics -- TCH in call
drop rate(include handover)(%)
KPI name TCH drop rate / Call drop rate
the number of TCH call drop /the number of TCH seizure

Definition
(including handover).
(C901070051+C901070052)/
(C901260063+C901260088+C901270063+C901
V4 (V6.50)
270088+C901090019+C901090036+C9010901
07)

Definitions Of Key Traffic Statistics Indicators—
Signaling statistical point of radio call drops
MSC BSC BTS Ms
Measure Report
Measure Result
Clear Request
Connection failure
(Radio Interface
A1
Failure)

Definitions Of Key Traffic Statistics Indicators—Signaling
statistical point of call drops due to handovers
MS BTS:TRX BSC MS Old BTS: New BTS BSC
CHANNEL ACT
CHANNEL ACTIVATE
CHANNEL ACT ACK
CHANNEL ACTIVATE ACK
A1
A1 HANDOVER COMMAND HANDOVER COMMAND
SET T8
ASSIGNMENT COMMAND
SET T3107
T8 Timeout
T3107 A2
Timeout
A2
Call drop due to intra-cell handover Call drop due to inter-BSC handover
Call drop due to intra-cell handover Call drop due to inter-BSC handover
MS Old BTS: New BTS BSC
CHANNEL ACT The signaling statistical point for

CHANNEL ACT ACK call drops due to all kinds of
A1 handovers is A2, which means after
the timer expires due to handover
HANDOVER COMMAND HANDOVER COMMAND
SET T3103
failure, BSC clears the channels and

T3103
Timeout counts one time of call drop due to
A2 handover failure.
Call drop due to intra-BSC handover
Call drop due to intra-BSC handover

Definitions Of Key Traffic Statistics -- Handover
success rate(%)
KPI name Handover success rate

the number of handover success / the number of handover
Definition
requests.
(C900060098+C900060102+C900060120)*100/
(C900060097
+C900060213+C900060214+C900060215+C9000600
V3 (V6.20)
99+
C900060100+C900060101+C900060216+C900060119
)
(C901090019+C901090036+C901090107+C901
090003+C901090010)/
V4 (C901090012+C901090014+C901090016+C901
(V6.50) 090018+C901090029+C901090031+C90109003
3+C901090035+C901090106+C901090002+C9
01090009)

Signaling statistical point of TCH handover success rate
MS BTS BSC MSC
MEAS_REP
MEAS_RES
C1
CHL_ACT
CHL_ACT_ACK
C2
ASS_CMD
ASS_CMD
SABM
UA EST_IND
ASS_COM
ASS_COM
C3
HO_PREFORM
The signaling statistical point of intra-cell handover request is C1, and

The signaling statistical point of intra-cell handover request is C1, and
that of handover success is C3, which means Assign Complete message
that of handover success is C3, which means Assign Complete message
is received by BSC after the handover is completed successfully.
is received by BSC after the handover is completed successfully.

Definitions Of Key Traffic Statistics Indicators --Signaling
statistical point of TCH handover success rate
MS BTS:Ori_Cell BTS:Des_Cell BSC:Ori_Cell BSC:Des_Cell
Handover Algorithm
Measurement Report Measurement Report
RADIO APPLY
A1 A4
CHANNEL ACT
CHANNEL ACT ACK
RADIO AVAIL
A2 A5
HANDOVER COMMAND
HANDOVER COMMAND
HANDOVER COMPLETE HANDOVER COMPLETE
A6
HANDOVER COMPLETE
A3
The signaling statistical point of intra-BSC handover request is A4, which means
The signaling statistical point of intra-BSC handover request is A4, which means
the message received by BSC is incoming handover request. The signaling
the message received by BSC is incoming handover request. The signaling
statistical point of handover success is A6, which means the Handover Complete
statistical point of handover success is A6, which means the Handover Complete
message is received after the handover is completed successfully.
message is received after the handover is completed successfully.

Signaling statistical point of TCH handover success rate
MS BTS BSC MSC
HO_REQ
D1
CHL_ACT
CHL_ACT_ACK
D2
HO_REQ_ACK
HO_ACCESS
HO_DETECT
PHY_INFO
HO_DETECT
SABM
UA
HO_COM
HO_COM
D3
HO_COM
The signaling statistical point of inter-BSC handover request is D1, which

The signaling statistical point of inter-BSC handover request is D1, which
means the handover request message sent by MSC is received. The signaling
means the handover request message sent by MSC is received. The signaling
statistical point of handover success is D3, which represents that Handover
statistical point of handover success is D3, which represents that Handover
Complete message is received.
Complete message is received.

in success rate(%)

the number of intra-cell, intra-BSC, and inter-BSC incoming success
Definition divided by the number of intra-cell, intra-BSC, and inter-BSC
incoming requests.
(C901090019+C901090036+C901090107)/
V4
(C901090012+C901090029+C901090031+C901
(V6.50)
090033+C901090035+C901090106)

out success rate(%)

the number of intra-cell, intra-BSC, and inter-BSC outgoing success
Definition divided by the number of intra-cell, intra-BSC, and inter-BSC
outgoing requests.
V4 (C901090003+C901090010+C901090107)/
(V6.50) (C901090002+C901090009+C901090106)

DL TBF establishment success rate
KPI
DL TBF establishment success rate
name
（ Number of GPRS DL signaling TBF establishment + Number
of GPRS DL data TBF establishment + Number of EGPRS DL
Definition signaling TBF establishment + Number of EGPRS DL data TBF
establishment ） *100% / Number of DL packet channel
requests (Sig + Data, GPRS and EGPRS)
(C900040007+C900040015+C900040008+C900040016)*100/
V3
(V6.20)
(C900040141+C900040142+C900040143+C900040144+
C900040145+C900040146+C900040147+C900040148)
(C901000021+C901000043+C901000022+C901000044+
(C901170021-C901170022)+(C901180021-C901180022)+
(C901170034-C901170035)+(C901180034-
V4 C901180035)+C901000001+C901000023)/
(V6.50) (C901000002+C901000003+C901000004+C901000008+C901
000024+C901000025+C901000026+C901000030+C90117002
1+C901180021+C901170034+C901180034+C901000001+C90
1000023)
Definitions Of Key Traffic Statistics Indicators -- Signaling
statistical point of DL TBF establishment success rate
Statistical point of DL TBF establishment before Statistical point of DL TBF establishment with
Statistical
T3192 point
expires: A of DL TBF establishment before Statistical
existing point of
resource: A DL TBF establishment with
T3192 expires: A existing resource: A
Statistical point of DL TBF establishment on the PACCH of UL

Statistical
TBF: A2 point of DL TBF establishment on the PACCH of UL
TBF: A2

Definitions Of Key Traffic Statistics Indicators —
Ratio of Uplink TBF Establish Link successfully(%)
KPI
UL TBF establishment success rate
name
the number of UL TBF establishment success divided by the number of

Definition
UL TBF establishment requests.
(C900040025+C900040033+C900040026+C900040034)*1
00/
V3 (V6.20)
(C900040159+C900040160+C900040161+C900040168+
C900040163+C900040164+C900040165+C900040166)
901010020+C901010041+C901010021+C901010042+
(C901190049-C901190050)+(C901200049-C901200050)+
(C901190036-C901190037)+(C901200036-C901200037)+
(C901010001+C901010022))/
V4 (6.50)
(C901010003+C901010004+C901010005+C901010009+C
901010024+C901010025+C901010026+C901010030+C9
01190049+C901200049+C901190036+C901200036+C90
1010001+C901010022)

Definitions Of Key Traffic Statistics Indicators—Signaling
statistical point of UL TBF establishment success rate
UL TBF establishment consists of two modes: one-phase access (left figure)

UL TBF establishment consists of two modes: one-phase access (left figure)
and two-step access (right figure); the statistical point of access success is
and two-step access (right figure); the statistical point of access success is
A1.
A1.

Contents

 Position And Analyze Problems Making Use
Of Traffic Statistic
Position And Analyze Problems with Traffic
Statistics-- Traffic Statistic Analysis Content
Call Drop Problems

Analysis
TCH congestion Handover problem

problems analysis analysis
Traffic Statistic
Analysis Content
SDCCH congestion TCH assignment
problems analysis problems analysis
SDCCH assignment
problems analysis

Statistics
 Whole Principle of Traffic Statistic Analysis
 Whole Principle ： From whole problem to the particular problem, from one-day
network index observation to one-week network index, from single index to their
correlation, from the key cells to subordinate cells.
 Before Traffic Statistic Analysis ： Collect overall data, including all kinds of performance
reports and measurement data, and need to know such basic information as networking
structure.
 Carry out Traffic Statistic Analysis ： Based on the principle of “grasp the situation
macroscopically, handle it microscopically” and characteristics of traffic statistic data,
traffic statistic analysis is a process from the whole network performance measurements
to the cells performance measurements, and a gradual process from the main index to
subordinate index. It analyzes network performance index first, with a clear grasp of the
whole network index, then determines which index are worse, finally analyzes the main
cells which cause worse index.
 Combine with other network optimization tools ： During traffic statistic analyzing, it
needs to combine with other network optimization tools to position and analyze
problems.

Statistics
 TOP Analyze Method
 Description of TOP 10 Method: Use data sort and filter functions of EXCEL or
other software tools to sort each data from bad to good. Thus facilitate
connecting each data ,finding the rules and locating problems more easily.
 Carry out studying and contrastive analysis on the sub-item’s statistic
function of BSC-level traffic statistic report.
 If certain important index (such as call drop rate 、 successful handover rate)
are found abnormal in BSC-level traffic statistic report, then carry out cell-
level traffic statistic to analyze its more detailed content.
 Check the cells which single index is abnormal and has more absolute times
of failure (call drop 、 congestion 、 handover failure, etc) .
 Combine the two parameters, percentage and absolute times of failure (call
drop 、 congestion 、 handover failure, etc), to decide whether it needs to
adopt further measures.

Statistics--Traffic Statistic Analysis General Idea
BSC Level
Report
CELL Level
Report
High Call
Drop Rate
CS Basic Service Carrier Frequency Cell Radio

Alarm Information
Measurement Service Measurement Measurement
High Congestion
Rate
CS Basic Service Radio Access Cell Radio

Alarm Information
Measurement Measurement Measurement
High Handover
Failure Rate
Handover Reason Handover CommonAdjacent Cell Handover CS Basic Service

Alarm Information
Measurement Measurement Measurement Measurement

Statistics--Traffic Statistic Analysis General Idea
 The other optimization methods
 DT ： Simulate Subscriber make calls in moving state, Analyze
coverage 、 quality 、 handover 、 signaling.
 CQT ： make a great deal of calls in different place
 Signaling Trace ： Collecting signaling through signaling tool or OMCR
signaling trace function.

Statistics--Index Analysis Filter Method
First Commonness
Commonness Problems Second Individuality Individuality Problems
 Equipment  Handover
hardware problems
problems  Other radio
 Interference parameters
problems problems
 Coverage  。。。
problems

Statistics
 Commonness factors lead to bad KPI
 Equipment hardware problems
 Interference problems
 Coverage problems
 Other factors

Statistics —Common Problems
TCH call drop
Equipment
hardware
Handover
SDCCH / TCH
Interference
blocking
SDCCH
assignment
Coverage
TCH
assignment

Statistics--Common Problems
 Equipment Hardware Problems
Traffic Statistic Analysis Method of Position and Resolve
CELL performance report ： SDCCH and TCH usable  The hardware problems of transmission error code
rate abnormal ， < 100% ， High TCH assignment and stability 、 REPEATER self-excitation 、 tower
failure rate ， especially > 10% ； top amplifier yawp etc. .
BTS measurement ： position call drop and  Target cell channel activation NACK or TIMEOUT ；
assignment failure of TRX level ；  High group link call drop times ；
Alarm statistic: find hardware problems ；  Synchronize CLOCK ；
Dynamic channel observation ： carrier frequency  Position range of hardware problems according to
occupying abnormally ；
left analysis ， judging whether TRX , CMM and
NMS measurement ： SDCCH/TCH channel TIC problem, whether power of power amplifier
occupation time ； too low, combiner, divider, REPEATER problem
Check clock problems ； etc..
Monitor transmission ： find transmission problems ；

Statistics--Common Problems
 Interference
 CELL traffic statistic ： Analyze interference  Frequency check ： Analyze inner interference
bands level within same or adjacent frequency point ；
 CS basic measurement ： Analyze discipline
 Sweep frequency test ： search external
of interference bands appears ： change
interference ；
with time and traffic capacity
 DT ： Check interference and signal quality
 BTS measurement ： Position TRX level
status of the problem section ;
interference bands ；
 Handover reason measurement ： The ratio  Adjust BTS’s transmit power of correlative
of UL/DL RQ handover to all handover ； cells 、 antenna downtilt or frequency point etc.
 Cell radio measurement ： Analyze level and to avoid interference;
quality status of cells.  Enable function of DTX ， DPC etc. ;
 Abis interfaces signaling trace ： Analyze
 Resolve equipment problems (such as: TRX
cells and TRXs with interference.
board self-excitation 、 antenna
intermodulation).

Statistics-- Common Problems
 Coverage Problems
 Cell traffic statistic: Worse  DT in weak coverage area;

UL/DL RQ and KPI;  Adjust network parameters
according to DT result;
 Power control performance
measurement: average of  BTS transmitting power,
UL/DL signal level is too low; antenna downtilt and height,
Rxlev_ACCESS_MIN_MS, the
 Cell radio measurement: neighbor relation,
Times of low RX-Level have RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN of
higher percentage; handover candidate cell.
 Handover reason  Adjust coverage, avoid over-
measurement: Times of rescue coverage 、 owe-coverage and
UL/DL Rx-lev handover has alone island phenomenon;
higher percentage;  Add BTS.

Statistics--Call Drop Analysis
 Call Drop Type
 Radio Link Failure call drop
 Handover Failure call drop
 LAPD call drop

Analysis Frame
1 2 3 4 5
Confirm higher Confirm Confirm TRX level Analyze call drop Solve Call
call drop cell call drop type call drop factors drop problems
 BSCLevel  CELL Level  BTS measurement  Common problems  Traffic statistic

performance report performance report  Cell
analysis analysis
radio
 CELLlevel  CS basic measurement  Individuality  Signaling analysis
performance report measurement problems analysis
 Other
optimization
 Alarm statistic  Alarm analysis methods
 From whole to  Easy to position  Carrier frequency  First commonness  Execute

and solve
particular and analyze level then individuality problems

 Common causes of call drop
Handover parameters
setting problems
Equipment
hardware problems UL/DL imbalance
Call Drop
Setting of other
Interference parameters is
irrationality
Coverage Problems
Common Problems
already analyzed

 Improper setting of handover parameters
Traffic Statistic Analysis Resolve Methods
 Check handover parameters, find  Add neighbor relation in reason;

unreasonable parameters setting;  Adjust handover parameters.
 Handover common measurement,
check handover out failure status;
 Handover common measurement,
check handover reason and percents of
each kind of handover;
 Adjacent cell handover statistic
measurement: low success rate of
handover out （ aim at certain
cell ）， find target cell with low
handover success rate and looking for
cause;
 CS basic service measurement:
handover times/call times ＞ 3 ）

 UL/DL Imbalance (Tower top amplifier 、 HPA 、 Antenna
azimuth)
 CS basic service measurement: Analyze  Check tower top amplifier 、 CDU 、 RDU 、
UL/DL Average_Rx_Lev; BTS boards and RF feeder;
 Abis interface signaling trace: Analyze  Check antenna feeder. Check antenna
UL/DL Rx_Lev; azimuth and downtilt whether according
 Cell radio measurement: Analyze UL/DL with design criterion; check antenna
Rx_Lev distributing. feeder, jumper feeder is connected rightly
and connecters are connected tightly,
feeder is undamaged, make sure standing
wave rate under normal range.

 Improper setting of other parameters
 Check radio parameters: adjust  Amend irrational parameters.

irrational parameters;
 irrational RLT and Rx_lev_Min;

Statistics—Handover Problems Analysis
 Handover Analysis Idea
切换问题分析
 General Analysis Idea
 Cells with handover problems: All cells or individual cell.
 Handover direction of problem cells : Handover out cell failure or in cell
handover failure;
 Object of handover failure: Between service cell and multi-cell or individual
cell.
MSC1 MSC2
BSC1 BSC2 BSC3
1 2 3

 Checking Handover Index
 Check cells with lower handover success rate;
 Check cells with much handover failure times
 Analyze handover out/in failure times, find out main factors of handover
failure;
 Register out/in cells handover performance;
 Observe trait of handover failure: For all adjacent cells or individual adjacent
cell 、 all conditions or part condition lower handover success rate.

 Possible Factors influencing Handover Success Rate
Common Problems
Handover
already analyzed
Parameters
Irrationality
UL/DL Imbalance Coverage

Lead Low
Handover Success
Rate
Equipment
Interference
Problem

 Improper setting of handover parameters
Cell
performance report: Low  Check PBGT 、 rescue handover etc.
handover success rate, more handover level threshold, setting of
handover failure times; handover function switch whether correct.
BTSmeasurement: filter TRXs with
 Result of handover times vs TCH call
occupation success times is disproportion.
more handover failure times.
If handover/call ＞ 3 ， Ping-pong handover
Basic
measurement: analyze every exist in all probability, should check
handover factors percent, PBGT handover parameters setting and adjust
(least time space of inter-cell, PBGT
handover percent too high or too
HoLevThs etc.)
low;
Handover statistic handover: find out
two cells lead to handover failure.

 Comprehensive analysis

 Performance report of cells level: target  Extend capacity of target cell or traffic
cell congestion; proportion;
 CS basic measurement: low handover in  Check hardware;
success rate, maybe handover in cell  Adjust handover parameters;
hardware problems or has interference  Optimize adjacent cells;
etc.;
 Low handover success rate: maybe target
cell congestion or handover parameters
setting is irrationality;
 Check neighbor relation: whether have
omitted neighbor,single or redundant
neighbor;
 Check exterior cell: setting of exterior cell
parameters error.

 Other
 After eliminate commonness problems, optimize parameters of adjacent
cells, analyze and resolve UL/DL balance problems of adjacent cells,

Statistics-- Analysis Of TCH Blocking
 Possible causes of TCH blocking
Shortage of system
capacity or traffic
imbalance
Interference Antenna and feeder

system problem
TCH Blocking
Coverage Parameters
problem setting problem

Data configuration
problem
Common Problems
already analyzed

 Lack of system capacity or unbalanced traffic
Judging Method Solution

 Too high traffic capacity in TCH  Extend capacity, or adjust
(Traffic per channel>0.6) ； configuration of busy and idle carrier
 Too much overflow times, system cells;
busy for a long time;  Adjust coverage (adjust transmit
 Traffic imbalance (three cells of one power of BTS, antenna azimuth,
BTS traffic imbalance, or several BTS downtilt, height etc.);
traffic imbalance;  Adjust main parameters (CRO,
 Analyze out serious congestion from Rxlev_access_Min_MS, enable trafficHo
performance reports. function);
 Adjust priority level and handover
parameters of cells.

 Antenna and feeder problem

 Frequency point scanning: results  Check antenna azimuth, downtilt,
to same frequency point through connection of antenna and feeder
main and secondary diversity system.
antenna measuring;
 Cell radio measurement: signal
level, quality disturbing;
 Signaling tracing: measurement
report analysis.

 Improper setting of parameters

 Performance statistics report:  Adjust irrationality parameters
judging TCH congestion; setting;
 Alarm information statistic ： BTS or  Solve problems.
TRX problem;
 BTS measurement: check TRXs;
 Check parameters:
RxLev_Access_Min_MS, cell reselect
parameters.

Statistics-- Analysis Of SDCCH Blocking
 Causes of SDCCH blocking
引起 SDCCH
Parameters
拥塞率高的几
problem Interference
个主要因素：
SDCCH Congestion
Capacity LAC Partition
Common Problems
already analyzed

 Improper setting of parameters

 Basic measurement: judging  Adjust parameters (random access
reasons for SDCCH congestion ； error level threshold, RACH access
 Radio access measurement: level threshold), Maximum
immediate assignment success retransmission times, Extend
times/immediate assignment Transmission distributed
times>85 ％； timeslots );
 Parameters checking: parameters of  Adjust location update parameters;
correlative with radio access;  Adjust parameters of the dual-band
 Low usability rate SDCCH. network.

 Insufficient system capacity

 Performance report: TCH and  Extend network capacity;
SDCCH both congested;  Add SDCCH;
 Performance report: TCH don’t  Adjust T3122 、 T3212 、 RACH
congest but SDCCH is congested parameters etc. ；
seriously;  Adjust other parameters.
 Parameters adjusting: traffic hinge,
such as aviation hinge, railway
station etc., has lots of location
updates;
 SMS leap.

 Improper LAC division
 Performance report: SDCCH  Adjust CRH ；
congested badly;  Adjust cell reselect parameters ；
 Basic measurement: percent of  Adjust T3212 ；
location update too high;  Adjust other parameters.
 LAC partition: business area, LAC
areas are crossed badly;

 Existence of interference
 RACH level threshold is lower, at  Check and adjust frequency point;
the same time has interference,  Solve interferences;
system mistake for having lots of  Adjust access parameters.
SDCCH occupation requests.
 Performance report: SDCCH
congested badly;
 Basic measurement: more useless
SDCCH access ;

TCH 指配问题分析
Statistics—Analysis of TCH Assignment
Problems
 TCH Channel Analysis Process

 Channel Occupation
 TCH Channel Allocation
 TCH Channel Assignment

Problems
 Causes of TCH Assignment Failure
 Hardware problems ： TRX 、 CDU 、 loose panel cables ；
 Interference ： co-channel/ adjacent-channel interference/ external
interference;
 Antenna problems: damaged antenna feeder, uni-polarized antenna azimuth,
inconsistence between down-tilt and antenna type, high VSWR, crossed or
misconnected antenna feeders;
 Unreasonable parameter configuration ： improper setting of HF parameters,
T3107 value is set too small, inconsistence between data configured at OMCR
and the data planned, etc.;
 Coverage problem ： weak signal or uplink &downlink imbalance ;
 Repeater problem: uplink/downlink interference or imbalance of
uplink/downlink;
 Other reasons ： soft & hardware versions of the system 、 signaling
cooperation between BSC and MSC;
Problems
 Analysis of traffic statistics
 Performance report ： find out cells with  Check whether radio parameters of the
TCH assignment failure; cell is reasonable;
 Basic measurements ： judge  Check BER 、 idle interference band level
interference band 、 call index, decrease radio interference;
drop 、 handover 、 uplink& downlink
RQ value;
 Check hardware of the cells;
 Alarm statistics ： hardware problems
 Check transmission problems;
 BTS measurements ： position TCH
 DT analysis;
assignment failure of carrier frequency  Check BSC and base station versions to
level avoid unmatched versions leading to
 NMS ： judge whether carrier frequency TCH assignment failure.
occupation is normal by occupation
time of TCH and SDCCH;
 Parameter configuration ：
unreasonable dynamic SDCCH
parameter configuration.

Contents

Traffic Statistic
Cases of Call Drop
 Phenomenon Description
 On 16, March, from OMCR BAM statistic, I10 of Station 3 of BSC 80 in PAKTEL network
had much more call drop rate suddenly, with its rate more than 7%. Call drop times
increased a lot.
 Problem Analysis
 Through carrying out the performance data on details, checking the types of call drop,
we found radio link failure is the great majority;
 Through carrying out statistic on the interference band of the cell, we found 3-level or
above interference band accounted for higher percentage;
 We doubted first that the station had interference. After checking frequency planning,
we found there was no neighboring interference with adjoining cells. Through BTS
measurements, we found the second and third carrier frequency of the station had a
higher failure rate
 From alarm statistics, this station had no hardware alarms, no adjacent cells missed in
configuration, handover parameters are reasonable. However, it’s found that the
MAIOs of the second and third TRXs are the same.

Cases of Call Drop
 Solution
 After adjusting MAIO of the third carrier frequency from 8 to 10, the
interference disappeared, call drop times decreased greatly and call drop rate
restored to normal.
TCH in call
Region Cell Name BSC ID CELL ID DATE Remark
drop rate(%)
2006-3-16 8.17
2006-3-17 7.74 Before
2006-3-18 7.53 Adjustment
2006-3-19 7.97
NORTH I102 80 50022
2006-3-31 1.03
2006-4-1 0.94 After
2006-4-2 0.85 Adjustment
2006-4-3 0.76

Cases of TCH Blocking
 On 21, December, we carried out statistic from OMCR, and found TCH traffic of the
third sector of No. 106 station in BSC8 under Libyan network is very congested
suddenly. TCH congestion rate （ exclude handover ） is higher than 30%.
 Before, this sector no congestion, but this time was TCH traffic congestion suddenly.
After checking the performance report and alarm statistic of the surrounding cells, we
found the reason for congestion was that No.127 station surrounding with this cell had
broken, so the No.127 station traffic had been absorbed by the third sector of No, 106
station.
 Solution
 After consulting with the operator, No.127 station was commission in time. Then TCH
traffic congestion of the third sector of No. 106 had been disappeared.

Cases of TCH Blocking
 A Contrast Before &After Optimization
TCH overflow
SDCCH in TCH in congestion
Cell and Location total
BSC-SITE ID-BTS congestion rate(exclude
Area Cell(LAC-CI) number(exclude
rate(%) handover)(%)
handover)
Bsc8-Site106-Bts1 LAC8198-CI11061 0 0 0
Bsc8-Site106-Bts3 LAC8198-CI11063 0.04 30.24 936
After Adjustment
Bsc8-Site106-Bts3 LAC8198-CI11063 0.04 0 0

Cases of SDCCH Blocking
 In September, after No.61 new station had been commissioned, SDCCH channel of the
third cell congested suddenly and its congestion rate was as high as 35%.
 Through analyzing the basic measurement of the cell, we found the reason for SDCCH
congestion in the third cell was that there existed a great amount of positions to be
updated. After checking planning data and LAC division, we didn’t find mistake. Thus
we analyzed that this new station had certain mistaken data during commissioning.
 Solution
 After checking, we found LAC No. of the third cell in the station is 8198, while LAC No.
of other two cells of the station is 8199. It is confirmed that during commissioning the
new station, LAC No. of the third cell was input 8198 mistakenly. It should be 8199. Thus
caused a great amount of positions to be updated. Through readjustment, SDCCH
congestion rate restored to normal.

Cases of TCH Assignment
 In the third cell of No.1 station of PHO, its call drop rate arrives at
6.9% ,successful handover in rate is only 68.38%, while handover out rate is
91.31%.
 TCH assignment rate is morn than 10%, from which we excluded the
interference problem and make sure that the cell has hardware problems.
After analyzing BTS measurements of the cell, we found that TCH assignment
failure rate of the second carrier frequency in the cell is very high, arriving at
30%. And during on-site testing, we found that after occupying this carrier
frequency, the signal level is 20dB less than BCCH carrier frequency level.
 Solution
 After changing carrier frequency, each parameter restores to normal.

Cases of TCH Assignment
 A Contrast Before &After Optimization
TCH in call TCH TCH Handover

Cell and Handover
BSC -SITE drop dropped assign out
Location Area in success
ID-BTS rate(include call total failure success
Cell(LAC-CI) rate(%)
handover)(%) number rate(%) rate(%)
Bsc80- LAC1003-
6.9 98 12.28 68.38 91.31
Site1-Bts3 CI50003
After Adjustment
Bsc80- LAC1003-
0.9 5 2.28 92.38 92.89
Site1-Bts3 CI50003

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GSM Traffic Statistics Analysis

 When you finish studying this course ， you can

 ZTE Traffic Statistic Overview

Optimization Traffic statistic

Radio Network  Know network performance

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Alarm Performance Measurement

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 ZTE Traffic Statistic Overview

KPI name SDCCH blocking rate

number of SDCCH congestion*100%/Number of SDCCH call

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© ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved

KPI name TCH blocking rate

the number of TCH congestion (excluding handover)*100%/ the

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MS BTS BSC MSC

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KPI name TCH blocking rate

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KPI name TCH assignment success rate

the number of TCH assignment failures /the number of TCH

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© ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved

© ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved

KPI name TCH drop rate / Call drop rate

the number of TCH call drop /the number of TCH seizure

© ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved

KPI name TCH drop rate / Call drop rate

the number of TCH call drop /the number of TCH seizure

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MSC BSC BTS Ms

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CHANNEL ACT The signaling statistical point for

failure, BSC clears the channels and

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KPI name Handover success rate

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MS BTS BSC MSC

The signaling statistical point of intra-cell handover request is C1, and

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CHANNEL ACT ACK

HANDOVER COMPLETE HANDOVER COMPLETE

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MS BTS BSC MSC

The signaling statistical point of inter-BSC handover request is D1, which

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KPI name Handover success rate

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KPI name Handover success rate

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Statistical point of DL TBF establishment on the PACCH of UL

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the number of UL TBF establishment success divided by the number of

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UL TBF establishment consists of two modes: one-phase access (left figure)

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 ZTE Traffic Statistic Overview

Call Drop Problems

TCH congestion Handover problem

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