ZTE LTE Random Access

Random Access Special Topic
ZTE University
Objects
 After the course,you will:

 Know the details of channel and channel mapping
 Understand UE power on procedure
 Master UE random access procedure
 Master UE initial attach procedure
Content
LTE channel introduction and channel mapping

UE power on procedure
UE random access procedure
Random access special scenarios application
UE attach signalling flow
LTE physical channel introduction
 LTE downlink physical channel
 Broadcast channel ： PBCH
 Control channel ： PCFICH ， PHICH ， PDCCH
 Service channel ： PDSCH
 MBMS channel ： PMCH
 LTE uplink physical channel
 Control channel ： PUCCH
 Service channel ： PUSCH
 Random access channel ： PRACH
Downlink physical channel
 PBCH ( Physical Broadcast Channel )
 BCCH includes MIB and SIB ， MIB is mapping on
PBCH,SIB is mapping on PDSCH.
 PBCH is in the first 4 OFDM symbols of subframe 0 1
time slot on time domain, and 6 central RBs on
frequecydomain,modulation is QPSK.
 MIB includes downlink system bandwidth, system frame
number (SFN), PHICH duration.
Cell An 0 OFDM
CRC interference modulation
enhancing
adding
Physical
Modulation
Signal mapping
resource An 1 OFDM
BCH TB mapping modulation
program-
ming on each
Layer
antenna
mapping
port
Rate
matching Pre-
An P OFDM
programming
modulation
 Control Channel ： PCFICH
 PCFICH : Physical Control Format Indicator Channel
 PCFICH are transmitted in each sub-frame, informing
UE of the OFDM symbols that PDCCH occupies in a
sub-frame. The OFDM symbols are indicated by CFI
which can be valued as 1, 2, 3, 4 (4 is reserved).
 Modulation is QPSK 。
 PCFICH is mapped to the four resource-element groups
in the first OFDM symbol in a downlink subframe.
Signal
CFI program- Interference Modulation Layer Pre- RE OFDM symbol
ming enhancing mapping mapping programming mapping generating
 Control channel: PHICH
 PHICH: Physical Hybrid-ARQ Indicator Channel
 Send NAK/ACK responding information for the
PHICH ， modulation is BPSK.
 Multiple PHICH can be sent in a group at the same time.

1 PHICH group=8 PHICHs (normal cp)

1 PHICH group=4 PHICHs (extend cp)
ACK/NACK Repetition Layer OFDM

Modulation Precoding RE mapping
(RF=3) Mapping modulation
Spreading &
scrambling
 Control channel: PDCCH
 PDCCH: Physical Downlink Control Channel
 PDCCH sends scheduling information, transmission format,
resource allocation, uplink scheduling permission, power
control and uplink-transmission-related ACK/NACK.
 PDCCH is mapped to the first n (n<=4) OFDM symbols in
each sub-frame. The value of n is indicated by CFI in the
PCFICH channel.
 PDCCH supports 4 types of physical-layer formats which
occupy one, two, four, and eight CCEs respectively.
 Service Channel: PDSCH
 PDSCH: Physical Downlink Shared Channel
 PDSCH Bears service data, L3 signalling message,
paging and SIB information.
 Modulation: QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM.
 MBMS Channel: PMCH
 Physical Multicast Channel (PMCH)
 If MBMS is support, MBMS sends cell MBMS broadcast
information.
 Modulation:QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM 。
Downlink channel mapping
BCCH PCCH CCCH DCCH DTCH MCCH MTCH
Logical channel
Transmission channel
BCH PCH DL-SCH MCH
Physical channel
PBCH PDSCH PDCCH PMCH
Uplink physical channel
 Control Channel ： PUCCH
 PUCCH: Physical Uplink Control Channel
 PUCCH periodically feed back different CQI, PMI, RI,
HARQ-ACK 、 SR.
 For the same UE, PUCCH does not transmit with PUSCH.
 PUCCH format:
PUCCH
Content Modylation Size
format
1 SR N/A N/A
1a ACK/NACK BPSK 1
1b ACK/NACK QPSK 2
2 CQI QPSK 20
2a CQI+ACK/NACK QPSK+BPSK 21
2b CQI+ACK/NACK QPSK+BPSK 22
 Service Channel: PUSCH
 PUSCH : Physical Uplink Shared Channel
 PUSCH Bears service data, L3 signalling message
 Modulation: QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM.
 Localized resource allocation for PUSCH, consecutive
RBs are allocated to user’s PUSCH.
 PRACH: Physical Random Access Channel
 During the random access procedure, UE send preamble
on PRACH.
 PRACH occupies 6 RBs on frequency domain.
 PRACH time domain structure ：

Preamble: CP + Sequence

There is a guarding interval behind Preamble.
6RB CP Preamble
TCP TPRE
 PRACH
 Preamble generated by the Zadoff-Chu sequence in
zero-related region.
un ( n 1)
j
xu n   e N ZC
, 0  n  N ZC  1
 5 different preamble format:
 PRACH time damain format
 PRACH
 Format0~3 frequency domain location

Subcarrier interval is 1.25KHz, 1/12 of normal subcarrier
bandwidth.

1 PRACH include 864 subcarrier (6×12×12=864).

The length of preamble sequences is 839, mapped on the central
839 subcarrirs. 13 subcarriers
subcarriers
864 subcarriers
839
12subcarriers
 PRACH
 Format4 frequency domain location

Subcarrier interval 7.5KHz , half of normal subcarrier bandwidth.

1 PRACH include 144 subcarrier (6×12×2=144) .

The length of preamble sequences is 139, mapped on the central
139 subcarrirs.
3 subcarriers
139 subcarriers
144 subcarriers
2subcarriers
Uplink channel mapping
CCCH DCCH DTCH

Logical channel
Transmission channel
RACH UL-SCH
Physical channel
PRACH PUCCH PUSCH
Physical layer signals
 Downlink Physical Signal
 Reference Signal

Cell-Specific Reference Signal (CRS)

MBSFN Reference Signal

UE-Specific RS/Dedicate RS(DRS)
 Synchronization Signal

PSS : Primary Synchronization signal

SSS : Secondary Synchronization signal
 Uplink Physical Signal
 Demodulation RS(DMRS)
 Sounding RS(SRS)
Downlink physical layer signals
 Function of downlink reference signal
 Downlink channel quality measurement
 Downlink channel estimate, for UE to demodulate data
 Downlink synchronization
 Function of cell-specific reference signal
 Cell-specific reference signals shall be transmitted in all
downlink subframes in a cell supporting PDSCH
transmission.
 Cell-specific reference signals are transmitted on one or
several of antenna ports 0 to 3.
 Cell-specific reference signals are defined for subcarrier
interval is 15kHz only.
Downlink physical layer signal
 Cell-Specific Reference Signal
 The RS location has the relation with PCI, antenna port
number, OFDM symbol sequence, slot number, CP mode,etc.
Normal CP ， Cell ID=0 Extend CP ， Cell ID=0

时时
Downlink physical layer signal
 MBSFN Reference Signal R4
 Transmitted only when the PMCH is R4 R4
transmitted. MBSFN reference signals are R4

transmitted on antenna port 4.
R4 R4
 Defined for extended cyclic prefix only.
R4 R4
R4 R4
R4 R4
R4
R4 R4 R4
R4
R4 R4
R4 R4
R4 R4
R4 R4
R4 R4
R4
R4 R4 R4
R4
R4 R4
R4 R4 l  0 l  2l  0 l  2
l0 l  5l  0 l 5 even-numbered odd-numbered
slots slots
even-numbered slots odd-numbered slots
Antenna port 4
Antenna port 4 Extended CP

Extended CP Δf=15kHz Δf=7.5kHz
Downlink physical layer signals
 UE-Specific Reference Signal
 Send to a dedicated user, the eNodeB will indicate sending this
signal or not, and indicate UE to demodulate use the signal or not.
 Only transmitted on the RBs bearing PDSCH, using the antenna
port 5.
R5
R5 R5
R5 R5
R5 R5 R5
R5 R5 R5 R5
R5
R5 R5
R5 R5
R5 R5 R5
R5 R5 R5 R5
l0 l 6 l 0 l 6 l0 l  5l  0 l 5
even-numbered slots odd-numbered slots even-numbered slots odd-numbered slots
Antenna port 5 Normal CP 15kHz Antenna port 5 Extend CP 15kHz

Downlink synchronization signals
 LTE Synchronization Signal
 PSS : Primary Synchronization Signal
 SSS : Secondary Synchronization Signal
 Function of Synchronization Signal
 Get Physical Cell ID

Dectect SSS to get PCI group number(0-167)

Dectect PSS to get ID in group(0-2)

PCI=3*group number+ID in group
 Downlink synchronization

PSS: 5ms synchronization

SSS: 10ms synchronization
 Identify it is a FDD or TDD system and CP mode.
 SCH includes P_SCH and S_SCH. The frequency-domain
is located in the 72 subcarriers near direct current. Only 62
subcarriers are actually occupied. Other 10 subcarriers do
not hold synchronization sequences.
 There are two same P-SCHs in a wireless frame. Their
time-domain is located in the last symbol of the slot no.0
and the last symbol of the slot no. 10.
 There are also two S-SCHs in a wireless frame. But their
x5  x 2 1
synchronization symbols are different. The time-domain is
located in the last symbol but one of the slot no.0, and the
last symbol but one of the slot no. 10.
Slot 0 / Slot 10 Slot 1 / Slot 11
Slot 0 / Slot 10 Slot 1 / Slot 11 DwPTS
FS1, Normal CP
FS2, Extend CP
Nc subcarriers
PSS
Nc subcarriers
SSS
72 subcarriers
72 subcarriers
SSS
PSS
data
Control signal
Data
Control signal
Uplink physical layer signal
 DMRS( for PUSCH) One Slot
 Generated by Zad-off Chu

seqence,maping on RE
without any proceess.
 Transmitted on 4th OFDM
symbol of each slot, the
Normal CP
bandwidth of DMRS is same
with PRB for PUSCH.
PUSCH
 Differerent users’ DMRS
sequence will have different
cyclic shift.
DMRS Data
Uplink physical layer signal
 Sounding RS: SRS
 Used for uplink channel quality estimate and selection, uplink
scheduling.
 Location: last SC-FDMA symbol of uplink subframe which configured
to send SRS, for UpPTS all the symbols can be used to transmit SRS.
 SRS sub-frame configuration: UE read the broadcast information to
get which subframe will send SRS.
 Duration: eNodeB will notice UE to send SRS once or all the time.
 Period: eNodeB will notice SRS transmiting period, it can support
2 、 5 、 10 、 20 、 40 、 80 、 160ms
FDD Downlink Channel Location
PSCH PBCH PSCH
SSCH SSCH
PDCCH #0 #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 #9
One subframe（1ms ）
PCFICH
PHICH
PDCCH
PBCH
P- SCH
S- SCH
PDSCH
First slot（0.5ms ）（0.5ms ）

Second slot
FDD Downlink Channel Location
CFI CFI

PBCH
PDCCH
CFI=3
SSCH
PSCH
CRS：Port 0-3
PDSCH

l0 l 6 l 0 l 6 l0 l 6 l 0 l 6
even-numbered slots odd-numbered slots even-numbered slots odd-numbered slots
TDD FDD
TDD Downlink Channel Location
Content

LTE Physical Layer Procedure: Synchronization
Downlink initial synchronization: Downlink synchronization holding:

 UE searches cell, detects the  After cell search, UE measures
PSS and SSS to get the the downlink signal arrival time
downlink initial synchronization. periodically, adjusts the
downlink initial synchronization.
Uplink initial synchronization: Uplink synchronization holding:

 UE sends preamble on PRACH  eNodeB detects the uplink
 eNodeB detects preamble, reference signal, generates the
sends timing adjustment to UE. time adjustment send to UE.
 UE adjusts the sending time  UE receives TA information and
according to the timing adjusts the uplink sending time
adjustment. to hold uplink synchronization.
UE Power on Procedure
Decoding
Blind-Det Decoding
Decoding P
P P
Power Cell
P C
D D UL Link
B F
on Search
C I
C S Sync Setup
C C
H C
H H
H
（format 1C）（D-BCH） RACH

 PLMN selection and cell selection
 P-SCH 、 S-SCH and PBCH has the same width and
position for all system bandwidth options. So UE can do
the cell search without kowning the system bandwith.
P-S CH, S -S CH and PBCH has the s ame width
and pos ition for all s ys te m bandwidth options
1.4 MHz
3 MHz
5 MHz
10 MHz
15 MHz
20 MHz
 PLMN selection and cell selection
Manual Mode Automatic mode
PLMN Selection
Indication to user
PLMN PLMNs
Location available
selected
Registration
response NAS Control
Cell Selection
and Reselection
Radio measurements
Registration
Area
changes
Service requests Location
Registration
 PLMN selection
 UE scan the whole channel in the band according to its
frequecy capability to find a available PLMN. UE will
search the cell with the strongest signal, and then read
the cell broadcast information to get the PLMN. If UE
read one or more than PLMN in one cell, UE will report
all the PLMN as the high quality PLMN whose signal
strength satisfy a dedicated threshold to the NAS layer.
If UE can read PLMN ID, but the signal strength doesn’t
satisfy a dedicated threshold, UE also will report PLMN
to NAS layer with the measurment value.
 PLMN selection result is given by NAS layer.
 After selecting PLMN, UE will select serving cell.
 Cell search purpose
 Detect the Physical Cell-ID
 Get the downlink time and frequency synchronization
 Detect CP format ： normal or extended format
 Detect eNodeB antenna port number
 Read PBCH (Master Information Block)

Get system bandwidth, system frame number (SFN), PHICH
duration
 Cell search type: Initial and Stored Information Cell Selection
 Initial Cell Selection: According to its capability, UE scan
the whole channel in the band and find the best serving
cell on each carrier, if UE find, it wil select the cell as the
serving cell.
 Stored Information Cell Selection: UE select the cell
according to the pre-stored cell frequency information.If

UE finds a proper cell, it will select this one as the serving
cell, or UE will initiate Initial Cell Selection.
 Cell search
Start
Symbol timing, frequency

One subframe（1ms ） shift estimating, sector ID
PCFICH identifying
PHICH
PDCCH
PBCH
P- SCH Frame synchronizing, cell
group ID identifying, CP-
S- SCH
type blind detecting
PDSCH
First slot（0.5ms ） Second slot（0.5ms ）

RS identifying, cell
identifying, antenna
configuration identifying
End
UE read the broadcast information
The main information block (MIB) contains a limited number of the most important and most common transmission
parameters. It needs to obtain other information from this cell.
The SIB1 contains the scheduling information of other SIBs and relevant information of other cells.
The SystemInformation (SI) contains the carried SIB rather than the SystemInformationBlockType1.
The SIB2 contains all the configuration information of UE common radio resources.
The SIB3 contains the intra-frequency, inter-frequency or inter-RAT cell reselection information.
The SIB4 contains the information that is related to neighbor cells and only used for intra-frequency cell
reselection, cell reselection parameters, and the cell blacklist.
The SIB5 contains the information of the inter-frequency E-UTRA network reselection.
The SIB6 contains the information of the inter-frequency UTRA network reselection.
The SIB7 contains the information of the inter-frequency GERAN (GSM/EDGE) network reselection.
The SIB8 contains the information of the inter-frequency CDMA2000 network reselection.
The SIB9 contains the name of the home eNodeB.
The SIB10 contains the ETWS primary notification information.
The SIB11 contains the ETWS auxiliary notification information.
The SIB12 contains the CMAS auxiliary notification information.

Content

UE Random Access Procedure
 Random access characteristic
 Exists in both TD-LTE and FDD-LTE.
 No relation with the scale of cell.
 Divided into competitive and non- competitive random
access.
 purpose of random access
 During attach procedure
 UE status changed from idle to connected.
 During handover procedure
 Get/ recover uplink synchronization
 Request UE ID from eNodeB
 Request uplink resoure from eNodeB
 Random access process can be used in the
following situations:
 Access at RRC_IDLE status
 Access when the wireless link fault occurs
 Access in changeover
 Access at RRC_Connected status

When there are downlink data (eg. The uplink is at non-
synchronization status.)

When there are uplink data (eg. The uplink is at non-
synchronization status or no PUCCH resource can be used for
scheduling request.)
 Random access categories:
 Random access based on competitiveness

Used in the five mentioned situations

UE selects a preamble sequence randomly in the available
preamble set in a competitive way.

Possible collision: two UEs use the same preamble sequence.

Perform the synchronization process through four steps. The
fourth step is used to solve the collision.
 Random access based on non-competitiveness

In handover or when the downlink data arrives

The eNB allocates a preamble sequence.

Perform the synchronization through three steps without solving
the collision.
 Preamble categories:
 Preamble ID number ： depend on configuration,maxmum
64 （ 0~63 ）
 Preamble A: 0~59
 Preamble B: 4~59
 Dedicated Preamble(remaining ID)
0  n PRBoffset
RA
 N RB
UL
6
 PRACH frequency domain location ：

First RB Number is congiured by L3 on OMC.
 Random Access Based on Competitiveness
UE eNB
1 Random Access Preamble
Random Access Response 2
3 Scheduled Transmission
Contention Resolution 4
 MSG1 ： send preamble sequence on PRACH
 According to root sequence number, cyclic shift and
preamble formats , UE generates the preamble sequence.
 Select preamble in group A/B randomly according to the
MSG3 size and pathloss information, then send the
preamble on PRACH.
 According to the target PRACH received power, preamble
formats in BCCH and transmitting counter, UE caculates
the PRACH initial emission power.
 eNB ： according to the received preamble measurement,
estimates the distance between UE and eNB,generates
the timing ajdustment.
 MSG2 ： Random Access Response
 eNB Send RAR on the PDSCH, the location is indicated
by PDCCH and No HARQ.
 MSG2 content:

Preamble indication

Timing adjustment information

Temporary C-RNTI

Msg3 resource allocation information
 UE detects RA response in a time window after sending
MSG1. If UE fails to receive the RA respondence in a
time window, this RA process is terminated, otherwise it
goes to step3.
 MSG3
 According to MSG2 TPC indication, estimate pathloss and RB number
forPUSCH, UE cacaulates the MSG3 transmitting power. It’s open
loop power control.
 According to random access response, UE send MSG3 on dedicated
resource. MSG3 needs HARQ.
 MSG3 content:

In attach ： send RRC Connection Request on CCCH, include
NAS UE ID and establishment cause, but no NAS signalling
message.

In RRC Connection Re-establishment: Send RRCConnection
ReestablishmentRequest on CCCH no NAS message

In handover ： send Handover Confirm on DCCH with UE C-RNTI.

Other (uplink or downlink arrives):send UE C-RNTI.
 MSG4 ： contention resolution
 Collision detect: eNB sends contention resolution ID ( UE
NAS ID ) on PDSCH or send C-RNTI on PDCCH to UE.
 With HARQ
 MSG4 content:

UE NAS ID

Resource allocation information
 UE ：

If UE finds its own NAS-layer ID is sending, UE sends ACK and
temporary C-RNTI becomes C-RNTI.Uplink synchronization
finish.UE waits for being schedulled and send data on uplink.

If UE fails to detect NAS ID, there is a collision, UE waits a random
time and do random access again.
 Random Access Based on Non-Competitiveness
UE eNB
0 RA Preamble assignment
Random Access Preamble 1
2 Random Access Response

 1) eNB send non-contention
Random Access Preamble to
UE,and this preamble is not
broadcasted in the Broadcast
information channel.
 2)UE send dedicated preamble on RACH.
 3) eNB generates the RAR on MAC layer, and send the
RAR in DL-SCH,random access success.
Content

Random Access Based on Non-Competitiveness:
Scenario 4
 eNB MSG0
 Send Msg0 on PDCCH ； UE eNB
Msg0: Dedicated
 Include Dedicated Preamble Preamble ID 0
and Mask Index ； Mask Index
 With HARQ ； 1 Msg1:
preamble
 Initiated reason ：
Min delay

UE is out of synchronization on
uplink, 2ms
Msg2: RA response on

Downlink data coming PDSCH 2
 No need to allocateC-Rnti in
Msg2 Delay about Timer
5ms
 UE Msg3: connection
3 requirement, ect
 UE is Out of synchronization
and monitoring to receive
PDCCH order;
 Send Msg1 with dedicated
preamble
 Msg3 is not useful ， if there is
data ,sending data , or
sendingPadding 。
Random Access Based on Non-Competitiveness:
Scenario 4 （ UE leave ）
 eNB  send MSG0 on PDCCH eNB
UE
 Msg0 is send on PDCCH ；
Out of Sync
 Include Dedicated Preamble Timer
and Mask Index ；
Msg0: Dedicated
 With HARQ ； Preamble ID 0
Mask Index
 Initiated reason ： 1 Msg1:
preamble

UE is out of synchronization on
uplink, Min delay

Start timer and timer is time out. Msg2: RA response on
2ms
 purpose ： suspecting UE PDSCH 2

leaving, so release connection Timer
Delay about
to avoid UE process hanging 5ms Msg3: connection
 No need to allocateC-Rnti in 3 requirement, ect
Msg2
 UE
 UE hardware problem or power
off, not camping in the network.
Random Access Based on Non-Competitiveness :
Scenario 3
UE
S-eNB T-eNB
 eNB  send MSG0 on PDCCH
Measure
 Msg0 is send on PDCCH Report
Dedicated
 Include Dedicated Preamble Preamble
and Mask Index Mask Index
Msg0: Dedicated
 With HARQ Preamble ID 0
 Initiated reason ： 1 Mask Index
Msg1:
preamble

Source eNB apply
Min delay
dedicated preamble from
2ms
target eNB and then send Msg2: RA response on
PDSCH 2
preamble to UE.
 UE Delay about
 Monitor to receive PDCCH 5ms
Msg3: connection requirement,
order. 3 ect
 Send Msg1 with dedicated
preamble
Random Access Based on Competitiveness:
Scenario 5
 eNB  No need MSG4
 Send Temporary C-Rnti in RAR. UE eNB
 MAC identifying Msg3 is for UE 1 Msg1: preamble
re-synchronization ；
min delay
 MAC notice L3 that UE re- 2ms
synchronization success. Msg2: RA response on PDSCH

2
 L3 send RRC Connection
Reconfiguration to re-setup Delay about
5ms
connection. Msg3: connection requirement, ect
3
 UE
 Uplink data coming but uplink is
at non synchronization.
 Send RA request
 Include C-Rnti in Msg3,and
scrambling MSG3 by Temporary
C-Rnti.
Content

UE attach
 Attach flow
UE attach
 NAS connection setup
Rrcconection setup
S1connection setup
UE attach
 Attach/dettach signalling flow

ZTE LTE Random Access

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ZTE LTE Random Access

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Random Access Special Topic

 After the course,you will:

LTE channel introduction and channel mapping

ACK/NACK Repetition Layer OFDM

BCCH PCCH CCCH DCCH DTCH MCCH MTCH

CCCH DCCH DTCH

Normal CP ， Cell ID=0 Extend CP ， Cell ID=0

 Transmitted only when the PMCH is R4 R4

transmitted. MBSFN reference signals are R4

Antenna port 4 Extended CP

Antenna port 5 Normal CP 15kHz Antenna port 5 Extend CP 15kHz

 Generated by Zad-off Chu

First slot（0.5ms ） （0.5ms ）

LTE channel introduction and channel mapping

Downlink initial synchronization: Downlink synchronization holding:

Uplink initial synchronization: Uplink synchronization holding:

（format 1C） （D-BCH） RACH

according to the pre-stored cell frequency information.If

Symbol timing, frequency

First slot（0.5ms ） Second slot（0.5ms ）

The SIB9 contains the name of the home eNodeB.

The SIB10 contains the ETWS primary notification information.

The SIB11 contains the ETWS auxiliary notification information.

The SIB12 contains the CMAS auxiliary notification information.

LTE channel introduction and channel mapping

1 Random Access Preamble

Random Access Response 2

Random Access Preamble 1

2 Random Access Response

LTE channel introduction and channel mapping

 purpose ： suspecting UE PDSCH 2

synchronization success. Msg2: RA response on PDSCH

LTE channel introduction and channel mapping

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